O jogo de areia (Sandplay) no tratamento do trauma em adolescente
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2019-04-01
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
O crescente número de notificações a respeito de crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência indica a necessidade de se pensar acerca de como é possível acolher e intervir junto a esse público. O presente estudo parte da ideia de trauma para apontar as manifestações psicossomáticas decorrentes da vivência do indivíduo que passou por situação de violência. A revisão da literatura aponta a utilização da Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental (TCC) como a forma com mais evidências científicas para intervir no caso de adolescentes traumatizados, considerando ainda a escassez de pesquisas nessa área com as abordagens psicodinâmicas. Dessa maneira, o objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a eficácia do Sandplay no tratamento do trauma por abuso sexual em adolescentes. A partir da investigação da eficácia do instrumento, buscou-se discutir as vivencias traumáticas considerando-se os conceitos teóricos e técnicos do Sandplay, assim como, verificar os parâmetros diagnósticos e prognóstico do cenário inicial. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Instrumento de Rastreio de Sintomas de Estresse Pós-Traumático (IRSEPT) e materiais específicos para realização do Sandplay, duas caixas de areia e um kit com miniaturas que reproduzissem o cotidiano de uma pessoa. Tratou-se de um estudo de caso único realizado em doze sessões, partindo de uma medida pré-experimental para verificar a eficácia do Sandplay, definido como um método expressivo com origem na Psicologia Analítica para tratamento do trauma por abuso sexual em uma adolescente. Os resultados sugeriram diminuição da sintomatologia traumática e, a partir da utilização do método clínico junguiano, ou seja, da amplificação simbólica dos cenários produzidos durante o Sandplay, foi possível verificar a psicodinâmica da adolescente traumatizada, assim como observar a flexibilização das defesas e as elaborações do trauma no decorrer das sessões. Desta maneira, configurou-se a necessidade de aumentar o estudo com um número maior de participantes, ampliar os enquadres para a aplicação do Sandplay com o intuito de redimensionar a técnica considerando sua aplicabilidade em contextos sócio institucionais e públicos.
The growing number of notifications regarding children and adolescents in situations of violence indicates the importance of looking at psychology in this context, pointing out the need to think about how it is possible to receive and intervene with this public. Thus, the present study starts from the idea of trauma to indicate the psychosomatic manifestations resulting from the experience of the individual who has experienced violence. The review of the literature indicates the use of Behavioral Cognitive Therapy (CBT) as the way with the most scientific evidence to intervene in the case of traumatized adolescents, considering also the lack of research in this area with the psychodynamic approaches. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Sandplay in the treatment of sexual abuse trauma in adolescents. From the investigation of the effectiveness of the instrument, we sought to discuss the traumatic experiences considering the theoretical and technical concepts of Sandplay, as well as to verify the diagnostic parameters and prognosis of the initial scenario. The instruments used were: Screen for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (SPTSS) and specific Sandplay materials, two sandboxes and a kit with miniatures that reproduced the daily life of a person. This was a single case study conducted in twelve sessions, starting from a pre-experimental measure to verify the effectiveness of Sandplay, defined as an expressive method originating in analytical psychology for the treatment of sexual abuse trauma in an adolescent. The results suggested a decrease in the traumatic symptomatology and, using the Jungian clinical method, in other words, the symbolic amplification of the Sandplay scenarios, it was possible to verify the psychodynamics of the traumatized adolescent, as well as to observe the breakdown of the defenses and the elaborations during the sessions. In this way, it was necessary to expand the study with a larger number of participants, to broaden the framework for the application of Sandplay in order to resize the technique considering its applicability in socio-institutional and public contexts.
The growing number of notifications regarding children and adolescents in situations of violence indicates the importance of looking at psychology in this context, pointing out the need to think about how it is possible to receive and intervene with this public. Thus, the present study starts from the idea of trauma to indicate the psychosomatic manifestations resulting from the experience of the individual who has experienced violence. The review of the literature indicates the use of Behavioral Cognitive Therapy (CBT) as the way with the most scientific evidence to intervene in the case of traumatized adolescents, considering also the lack of research in this area with the psychodynamic approaches. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Sandplay in the treatment of sexual abuse trauma in adolescents. From the investigation of the effectiveness of the instrument, we sought to discuss the traumatic experiences considering the theoretical and technical concepts of Sandplay, as well as to verify the diagnostic parameters and prognosis of the initial scenario. The instruments used were: Screen for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (SPTSS) and specific Sandplay materials, two sandboxes and a kit with miniatures that reproduced the daily life of a person. This was a single case study conducted in twelve sessions, starting from a pre-experimental measure to verify the effectiveness of Sandplay, defined as an expressive method originating in analytical psychology for the treatment of sexual abuse trauma in an adolescent. The results suggested a decrease in the traumatic symptomatology and, using the Jungian clinical method, in other words, the symbolic amplification of the Sandplay scenarios, it was possible to verify the psychodynamics of the traumatized adolescent, as well as to observe the breakdown of the defenses and the elaborations during the sessions. In this way, it was necessary to expand the study with a larger number of participants, to broaden the framework for the application of Sandplay in order to resize the technique considering its applicability in socio-institutional and public contexts.
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Trauma, Abuso sexual, Intervenção Psicológica, Jogo de Areia, Sexual abuse, Psychological Intervention, Sandplay
Citação
SERI, Leonardo de Freitas. O Jogo de Areia (Sandplay) no tratamento do trauma em adolescente. 2019. 77 folhas. Dissertação (Psicologia da Saúde) - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo.