A refeição eucarística como marca identitária e pertença religiosa na comunidade cristã de Corinto
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2019-10-16
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
“Comida é boa para se pensar”, assim afirma Claude Lévi-Strauss que, por meio da comida, procura discernir as sociedades e grupos ao redor do prato. As variações desse tema podem indicar desde hierarquias sociais, acesso ao alimento até aquilo que se encontra além. Tendo como instrumento a antropologia da comida e a “hermenêutica dos espaços”, buscamos uma melhor compreensão do bloco presente em 1Coríntios 8 a 11, o qual tem como tema central alguns tipos de refeição que se faziam presentes nas mesas greco-romanas e também na comu-nidade cristã em formação na cidade de Corinto. Essa comunidade do primeiro século, majori-tariamente constituída por pessoas do baixo estrato, busca, no ato de comer juntos, estabelecer proximidade, coesão e a criação de uma identidade própria frente aos inúmeros grupos religio-sos existentes no período. Para tanto, a refeição comunitária e o ritual eucarístico, estruturado como uma refeição funerária, buscam, dentre outras coisas, a preservação da memória e a par-ticipação do Cristo ressurreto, nova divindade estabelecida e celebrada pelos integrantes dessa comunidade de fé liderada pelo apóstolo Paulo. Como comida ritual, a sua performance preci-sa ocorrer de forma precisa, a fim de que alcance o objetivo esperado. Essa questão não estava sendo observada pelos integrantes desse grupo cristão, fazendo com que o apóstolo trouxesse a memória as tradições bem como a instituição do ritual eucarístico, a fim de, o mesmo fosse realizado apropriadamente. Essas reuniões, de caráter comunitário, poderiam acontecer em vários espaços, tais como lojas, domus e insulae, não havendo necessariamente um local fixo pré-estabelecido para elas. Entendemos que essas reuniões majoritariamente aconteciam nas insulae, dada a característica popular da comunidade cristã, e que essas reuniões deveriam ser itinerantes. Nelas a frugalidade alimentar era evidente e o ritual, estabelecido com os elemen-tos de pão e vinho, se fazia presente e possível. A presença viva da nova divindade, partici-pante de honra da refeição, teria sua vida e ensinamentos partilhados à mesa, a fim de que novas pessoas tivessem acesso a essa nova religião em formação. Comida, portanto, é boa para se pensar e também para se criar identidade, pois era reconhecida como elemento estruturante no mundo mediterrâneo tanto para vivos como para mortos.
“Food is good to think about,” says Claude Lévi-Strauss, who through food seeks to discern the societies and groups around the plate. Variations on this theme may indicate from social hierarchies, access to food to what lies beyond. Having as an instrument the anthropology of food and the “hermeneutics of spaces”, we seek a better understanding of the block in 1 Co-rinthians 8 to 11, which has as its central theme some types of meals that were present in Greco-Roman tables and also in Christian community in formation in the city of Corinth. This first-century community, mostly made up of people from the lower strata, seeks, in the act of eating together, to establish proximity, cohesion and the creation of its own identity in front of the numerous religious groups existing in the period. To this end, the communal meal and the Eucharistic ritual, structured as a funeral meal, seek, among other things, the preservation of memory and the participation of the risen Christ, a new deity established and celebrated by the members of this apostle-led community of faith Paul. As ritual food, its performance needs to occur precisely in order to achieve its intended goal. This question was not being ob-served by the members of this Christian group, causing the apostle to recall the traditions as well as the institution of the Eucharistic ritual, so that it could be properly performed. These community meetings could take place in various venues, such as shops, domus and insulae, and there is not necessarily a pre-established fixed venue for them. We understand that these meetings mostly took place in the insulae, given the popular character of the Christian com-munity, and that these meetings should be itinerant. In them the food frugality was evident and the ritual, established with the elements of bread and wine, was present and possible. The living presence of the new deity, the meal's honoree, would have his life and teachings shared at the table, so that new people would have access to this new religion in formation. Food, therefore, is good for thinking and also for creating identity, as it was recognized as a structur-ing element in the medium-world for both the living and the dead.
“Food is good to think about,” says Claude Lévi-Strauss, who through food seeks to discern the societies and groups around the plate. Variations on this theme may indicate from social hierarchies, access to food to what lies beyond. Having as an instrument the anthropology of food and the “hermeneutics of spaces”, we seek a better understanding of the block in 1 Co-rinthians 8 to 11, which has as its central theme some types of meals that were present in Greco-Roman tables and also in Christian community in formation in the city of Corinth. This first-century community, mostly made up of people from the lower strata, seeks, in the act of eating together, to establish proximity, cohesion and the creation of its own identity in front of the numerous religious groups existing in the period. To this end, the communal meal and the Eucharistic ritual, structured as a funeral meal, seek, among other things, the preservation of memory and the participation of the risen Christ, a new deity established and celebrated by the members of this apostle-led community of faith Paul. As ritual food, its performance needs to occur precisely in order to achieve its intended goal. This question was not being ob-served by the members of this Christian group, causing the apostle to recall the traditions as well as the institution of the Eucharistic ritual, so that it could be properly performed. These community meetings could take place in various venues, such as shops, domus and insulae, and there is not necessarily a pre-established fixed venue for them. We understand that these meetings mostly took place in the insulae, given the popular character of the Christian com-munity, and that these meetings should be itinerant. In them the food frugality was evident and the ritual, established with the elements of bread and wine, was present and possible. The living presence of the new deity, the meal's honoree, would have his life and teachings shared at the table, so that new people would have access to this new religion in formation. Food, therefore, is good for thinking and also for creating identity, as it was recognized as a structur-ing element in the medium-world for both the living and the dead.
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Palavras-chave
Comida, Refeição funerária, Ritual, Eucaristia, Insula, Corinto, Food, Funeral meal, Eucharist, Corinth
Citação
FREDERICO, Danielle Lucy Bósio. A refeição eucarística como marca identitária e pertença religiosa na comunidade cristã de Corinto. 2019. 153 folhas. Tese (Ciências da Religiao) - Universidade Metodista de Sao Paulo, Sao Bernardo do Campo.