A implementação das políticas curriculares da educação física no Amazonas: desafios e percepções dos professores da rede estadual de ensino
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2024-12-11
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
A presente tese de doutorado investigou as ações da secretaria estadual de educação do Amazonas no processo de implementação das propostas pedagógicas do componente curricular de educação física a partir das percepções dos professores de Educação Física. A integração do componente à área de Linguagens pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular apresenta temas como diversidade, saúde e cidadania através das abordagens da cultura corporal buscando romper com o modelo tradicional focado no aspecto motor e no rendimento esportivo. No estado do Amazonas, as secretarias de educação, estadual, municipais e privadas, alinhadas às diretrizes nacionais construíram um documento norteador intitulado de Referencial Curricular Amazonense, que orienta os conhecimentos essenciais aos estudantes para todo o percurso da educação básica. A pesquisa partiu do seguinte questionamento: Como os professores de Educação Física que atuam nas escolas compreendem a proposta curricular pedagógica do estado do Amazonas e quais os desafios didáticos-pedagógicos diante do processo de implementação da proposta? O estudo tem como objetivo geral identificar as contradições e desafios por parte dos docentes no processo de apropriação das propostas curriculares para a EF adotadas na rede estadual de ensino. Como objetivos específicos definiu-se: (i) analisar os documentos orientadores em relação aos fundamentos epistemológicos, históricos e didáticos-pedagógicos da educação física escolar; (ii) descrever a organização da rede estadual que fornece suporte técnico aos professores do componente de educação física; (iii) investigar os principais desafios encontrados pelos professores de Educação Física para ressignificar suas práticas pedagógicas em consonância com as propostas educacionais vigentes e (iv) identificar possíveis caminhos para futuras investigações, práticas pedagógicas e políticas educacionais no campo da educação física, contribuindo assim para o avanço acadêmico e da prática pedagógica. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa de cunho descritiva e exploratória fundamentada nos estudos de Minayo e Gil. A fundamentação metodológica ancorou- se na epistemologia do ciclo de políticas proposta por Stephen Ball e colaboradores, com a intenção de compreender as complexidades e consequências das ações de implementação, as dinâmicas que interligam as políticas educacionais vigentes e as práticas pedagógicas dos professores. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas pautadas nos princípios dialógicos e reflexivos de Szymanski, com cinco professores de Educação Física, de duas escolas da rede estadual do ensino fundamental anos iniciais e com uma agente da secretaria estadual de educação participante na elaboração do referencial curricular do estado. Do ponto de vista teórico, a pesquisa se ancorou nos estudos da cultura corporal, nas abordagens de Bracht, Daolio e Neira, nos estudos de Libâneo, Gil, Freire entre outros, que auxiliaram na fundamentação das análises e discussões das políticas educacionais e de suas repercussões na prática pedagógica dos professores. A propositura da pesquisa visou contribuir com ações para mitigar as lacunas no processo de implementação das atuais diretrizes curriculares identificadas nos relatos dos entrevistados de modo que os professores possam ressignificar suas práticas pedagógicas diante das diferentes realidades das escolas da rede estadual do Amazonas.
This doctoral thesis investigated the actions of the State Department of Education of Amazonas in the process of implementing the pedagogical proposals of the Physical Education curriculum component based on the perceptions of Physical Education teachers. The integration of this component into the field of Languages by the National Common Curricular Base introduces themes such as diversity, health, and citizenship through approaches to body culture, seeking to break with the traditional model focused on motor skills and sports performance. In the state of Amazonas, the state, municipal, and private education departments, aligned with national guidelines, developed a guiding document entitled Amazonas Curricular Framework, which directs the essential knowledge students need throughout the entire basic education journey. The research started with the following question: How do Physical Education teachers working in schools understand the curricular pedagogical proposal of the state of Amazonas, and what are the didactic-pedagogical challenges in implementing this proposal? The general objective of the study is to identify the contradictions and challenges faced by teachers in the process of appropriating the curricular proposals for Physical Education adopted in the state education system. The specific objectives were defined as follows: (i) to analyze guiding documents concerning the epistemological, historical, and didactic-pedagogical foundations of school physical education; (ii) to describe the organization of the state network that provides technical support to Physical Education teachers; (iii) to investigate the main challenges faced by Physical Education teachers in redefining their pedagogical practices in line with current educational proposals; and (iv) to identify possible paths for future research, pedagogical practices, and educational policies in the field of Physical Education, thereby contributing to academic advancement and pedagogical practice. This research adopts a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach, grounded in the studies of Minayo and Gil. The methodological framework is anchored in the epistemology of the policy cycle proposed by Stephen Ball and collaborators, aiming to understand the complexities and consequences of implementation actions, as well as the dynamics linking current educational policies to teachers' pedagogical practices. To this end, interviews were conducted based on Szymanski's dialogical and reflective principles, involving five Physical Education teachers from two state schools (teaching early years of elementary education) and a representative from the State Department of Education who participated in drafting the state curricular framework. From a theoretical perspective, the research is based on studies of body culture and the approaches of Bracht, Daolio, and Neira, as well as studies by Libâneo, Gil, Freire, among others, which supported the analysis and discussions of educational policies and their repercussions on teachers' pedagogical practices. The research aimed to contribute to actions that mitigate the gaps in the implementation process of the current curricular guidelines identified in the respondents' accounts, enabling teachers to redefine their pedagogical practices in response to the diverse realities of state schools in Amazonas.
This doctoral thesis investigated the actions of the State Department of Education of Amazonas in the process of implementing the pedagogical proposals of the Physical Education curriculum component based on the perceptions of Physical Education teachers. The integration of this component into the field of Languages by the National Common Curricular Base introduces themes such as diversity, health, and citizenship through approaches to body culture, seeking to break with the traditional model focused on motor skills and sports performance. In the state of Amazonas, the state, municipal, and private education departments, aligned with national guidelines, developed a guiding document entitled Amazonas Curricular Framework, which directs the essential knowledge students need throughout the entire basic education journey. The research started with the following question: How do Physical Education teachers working in schools understand the curricular pedagogical proposal of the state of Amazonas, and what are the didactic-pedagogical challenges in implementing this proposal? The general objective of the study is to identify the contradictions and challenges faced by teachers in the process of appropriating the curricular proposals for Physical Education adopted in the state education system. The specific objectives were defined as follows: (i) to analyze guiding documents concerning the epistemological, historical, and didactic-pedagogical foundations of school physical education; (ii) to describe the organization of the state network that provides technical support to Physical Education teachers; (iii) to investigate the main challenges faced by Physical Education teachers in redefining their pedagogical practices in line with current educational proposals; and (iv) to identify possible paths for future research, pedagogical practices, and educational policies in the field of Physical Education, thereby contributing to academic advancement and pedagogical practice. This research adopts a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach, grounded in the studies of Minayo and Gil. The methodological framework is anchored in the epistemology of the policy cycle proposed by Stephen Ball and collaborators, aiming to understand the complexities and consequences of implementation actions, as well as the dynamics linking current educational policies to teachers' pedagogical practices. To this end, interviews were conducted based on Szymanski's dialogical and reflective principles, involving five Physical Education teachers from two state schools (teaching early years of elementary education) and a representative from the State Department of Education who participated in drafting the state curricular framework. From a theoretical perspective, the research is based on studies of body culture and the approaches of Bracht, Daolio, and Neira, as well as studies by Libâneo, Gil, Freire, among others, which supported the analysis and discussions of educational policies and their repercussions on teachers' pedagogical practices. The research aimed to contribute to actions that mitigate the gaps in the implementation process of the current curricular guidelines identified in the respondents' accounts, enabling teachers to redefine their pedagogical practices in response to the diverse realities of state schools in Amazonas.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ciclo de políticas, Cultura corporal, Educação física, Implementação, Referencial curricular amazonense, Policy cycle, Body culture, Physical education, Implementation, Amazon Curricular Framework
Citação
RODRIGUES, Renata do Monte. A implementação das políticas curriculares da educação física no Amazonas: desafios e percepções dos professores da rede estadual de ensino. 2024. 186 folhas. Tese (Educação) – Diretoria de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2024.