Vivência de violência na infância e adolescência: impacto na personalidade e reconhecimento de emoções
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2021-08-09
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
Estudos que abordam maus-tratos na infância e adolescência se tornaram relevantes durante os últimos anos dada as evidências das repercussões danosas na esfera psicológica de suas vítimas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar aspectos cognitivos, da personalidade e reconhecimentos de emoções de crianças e adolescentes expostos à situações de violência. Método. A pesquisa foi composta de duas fases. Para calibrar os instrumentos escolhidos, realizamos uma fase piloto, os dados desta fase foram incluídos na pesquisa geral. A fase 1 foi realizada por meio de um levantamento survey, constituída por 100 participantes, divididos em dois grupos. Um grupo de crianças que eram atendidas em uma instituição de atenção à situação de vulnerabilidade (crianças participantes do Núcleo), com possibilidade para indícios de Violência Doméstica (50 participantes) e um outro grupo de crianças da mesma faixa etária que estudavam em um escola particular (crianças matriculadas no Colégio) (50 participantes). A amostra de crianças foi avaliada com os seguintes instrumentos: Inventário de Frases de Violência Doméstica (IFVD), a Escala Wechsler de Inteligência Abrevida (WASI), o Questionário de Personalidade para Crianças e Adolescentes (EPQ-J), o Inventário de Estilo Parental (IEP) para avaliar as relações parentais e a Bateria Neuropsicológica Computadorizada (PennCNP) juntamente com Teste de Reconhecimento de Emoções da Universidade da Pensilvania (ER40). Obtivemos como resultados dois grupos com indícios de VD e os sem indícios de VD x Colégio e Núcleo. No teste WASI, utilizando o teste estatístico de ANCOVA com as variáveis idade, gênero, ano escolar encontramos significância no grupo Colégio (p<0,01) evidenciando melhor escore do QI Total. Em relação à Personalidade, por meio da regressão logística multinominal ordinal encontramos significância nos domínios Psicoticismo e Neuroticismo (p<0,01) para membros do Núcleo; e para o domínio Sinceridade para os membros do Núcleo (0,02) e o grupo sem VD (p<0,01). Para o estilo parental o teste de Fischer apresentou melhores índices para o grupo Colégio (p<0,01) diferentemente do grupo com VD (p<0,01). Na análise das emoções faciais o teste estatístico de ANCOVA e o modelo de regressão logística binominal apresentaram significância p<0,01 para o grupo do Colégio. Em relação ao teste EDF40 houve significância no acerto das Resposta Feliz (p<0,01 grupo Colégio e 0,02 sem VD), Resposta Triste Certo (p<0,01 grupo Colégio) e Total de Resposta Correta (p<0,01 grupo Colégio). No ER40 houve significância Identificação Correta de Raiva, Identificação Correta de Medo e Identificação Correta Feliz, Identificação Correta Triste (p<0,01 para o grupo Colégio). Para a Identificação Correta Neutro houve significância para o grupo Colégio e sem VD (0,01). A fase 2 contou com o grupo de pais e/ou responsáveis do da fase 1, e foram também categorizados em 2 grupos (Colégio-Núcleo x com VD e sem VD). Utilizou-se como instrumentos um questionário sóciodemográfico, a Escala WASI de avaliação da inteligência, o instrumento NEO FFI-R para avaliar personalidade, e escala para avaliar violência entre pares CTS-2. O teste estatístico ANCOVA utilizado para mensurar a significância estatística em inteligência apresentou significância para o grupo Colégio nos domínios QI Verbal, QI Execução e QI Total (p<0,01). Em relação a violência entre pares, a regressão de Poison apresentou significância para quase todos os domínios de violência para o grupo do Núcleo (p<0,01) com exceção de Coerção Sexual Grave que apresentou significância para o grupo com indício de VD (p<0,01). Em relação a personalidade, o modelo de regressão logística multinominal ordinal apresentou significância nos domínios Neuroticismo (p<0,01) para o grupo do Núcleo, para o domínio Extroversão houve significância para o grupo Colégio (p<0,01), para o domínio Abertura houve significância para o grupo Colégio (p<0,01) e sem VD (0,03), no domínio Amabilidade houve significância para o grupo Colégio (p<0,01) e sem VD (0,02) e o domínio Conscienciosidade para o grupo Colégio e sem VD (0,03 ambos). Comparando a variável inteligência de pais e filhos com VD pelo teste de Spearman houve uma significância fraca em QI Verbal. Comparando a personalidade pelo teste de McNemar houve diferença entre Neuroticismo de crianças e pais, os pais apresentando classificações maiores que as crianças. Assim, crianças que tem oportunidade de crescerem com educação de qualidade, junto de famílias emocionalmente equilibradas, tendem a ter menor incidência para comportamentos violentos, prejuízos cognitivos e de transtornos de personalidade.
Studies that address maltreatment in childhood and adolescence have become relevant over the last few years given the evidence of harmful repercussions in the psychological sphere of their victims. The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive, personality and emotional recognition aspects of children and adolescents exposed to situations of violence. Method. The research consisted of two phases. To calibrate the chosen instruments, we carried out a pilot phase, the data from this phase were included in the general survey. Phase 1 was carried out through a survey survey, consisting of 100 participants, divided into two groups. A group of children who were cared for in a vulnerable care institution (children participating in the Center), with the possibility of evidence of Domestic Violence (50 participants) and another group of children of the same age who studied at a private school (children enrolled at the College) (50 participants). The sample of children was evaluated with the following instruments: Domestic Violence Phrases Inventory (IFVD), the Wechsler Short-Branch Intelligence Scale (WASI), the Personality Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (EPQ-J), the Parental Style Inventory (IEP) to assess parental relationships and the Computerized Neuropsychological Battery (PennCNP) along with the University of Pennsylvania Emotion Recognition Test (ER40). We obtained as results two groups with evidence of VD and those without evidence of VD x Colégio and Nucleus. In the WASI test, using the ANCOVA statistical test with the variables age, gender, school year, we found significance in the College group (p<0.01), evidencing better Total IQ score. Regarding Personality, through ordinal multinominal logistic regression we found significance in the Psychoticism and Neuroticism domains (p<0.01) for members of the Nucleus; and for the Sincerity domain for the members of the Nucleus (0.02) and the group without DV (p<0.01). For parenting style, the Fischer test showed better scores for the College group (p<0.01), unlike the VD group (p<0.01). In the analysis of facial emotions, the ANCOVA statistical test and the binomial logistic regression model presented significance p<0.01 for the College group. Regarding the EDF40 test, there was significance in the success of the Happy Response (p<0.01 College group and 0.02 without VD), Sad Right Response (p<0.01 College group) and Total Correct Response (p<0, 01 College group). In ER40 there was significance Correct Identification of Anger, Correct Identification of Fear and Correct Identification of Happy, Correct Identification of Sad (p<0.01 for the College group). For the Correct Neutral Identification there was significance for the College group and without VD (0.01). Phase 2 had the group of parents and/or guardians from phase 1, and they were also categorized into 2 groups (College-College x with VD and without VD). The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the WASI scale for assessing intelligence, the NEO FFI-R instrument to assess personality, and a scale for assessing peer violence CTS-2. The ANCOVA statistical test used to measure the statistical significance in intelligence showed significance for the College group in the domains Verbal IQ, Execution IQ and Total IQ (p<0.01). Regarding violence between peers, Poison regression was significant for almost all domains of violence for the Nucleus group (p<0.01), with the exception of Severe Sexual Coercion, which was significant for the group with evidence of HV (p <0.01). Regarding personality, the multinomial ordinal logistic regression model presented significance in the Neuroticism domains (p<0.01) for the Nucleus group, for the Extroversion domain there was significance for the College group (p<0.01), for the Openness domain there was significance for the College group (p<0.01) and without HV (0.03), in the Ability domain there was significance for the College group (p<0.01) and without HV (0.02) and the Conscientiousness domain for the Colégio group and without DV (0.03 both). Comparing the variable intelligence of parents and children with VD using the Spearman test, there was a weak significance in Verbal IQ. Comparing personality by the McNemar test, there was a difference between Neuroticism of children and parents, with parents presenting higher classifications than children. Thus, children who have the opportunity to grow up with quality education, with emotionally balanced families, tend to have a lower incidence of violent behavior, cognitive impairment and personality disorders.
Studies that address maltreatment in childhood and adolescence have become relevant over the last few years given the evidence of harmful repercussions in the psychological sphere of their victims. The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive, personality and emotional recognition aspects of children and adolescents exposed to situations of violence. Method. The research consisted of two phases. To calibrate the chosen instruments, we carried out a pilot phase, the data from this phase were included in the general survey. Phase 1 was carried out through a survey survey, consisting of 100 participants, divided into two groups. A group of children who were cared for in a vulnerable care institution (children participating in the Center), with the possibility of evidence of Domestic Violence (50 participants) and another group of children of the same age who studied at a private school (children enrolled at the College) (50 participants). The sample of children was evaluated with the following instruments: Domestic Violence Phrases Inventory (IFVD), the Wechsler Short-Branch Intelligence Scale (WASI), the Personality Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (EPQ-J), the Parental Style Inventory (IEP) to assess parental relationships and the Computerized Neuropsychological Battery (PennCNP) along with the University of Pennsylvania Emotion Recognition Test (ER40). We obtained as results two groups with evidence of VD and those without evidence of VD x Colégio and Nucleus. In the WASI test, using the ANCOVA statistical test with the variables age, gender, school year, we found significance in the College group (p<0.01), evidencing better Total IQ score. Regarding Personality, through ordinal multinominal logistic regression we found significance in the Psychoticism and Neuroticism domains (p<0.01) for members of the Nucleus; and for the Sincerity domain for the members of the Nucleus (0.02) and the group without DV (p<0.01). For parenting style, the Fischer test showed better scores for the College group (p<0.01), unlike the VD group (p<0.01). In the analysis of facial emotions, the ANCOVA statistical test and the binomial logistic regression model presented significance p<0.01 for the College group. Regarding the EDF40 test, there was significance in the success of the Happy Response (p<0.01 College group and 0.02 without VD), Sad Right Response (p<0.01 College group) and Total Correct Response (p<0, 01 College group). In ER40 there was significance Correct Identification of Anger, Correct Identification of Fear and Correct Identification of Happy, Correct Identification of Sad (p<0.01 for the College group). For the Correct Neutral Identification there was significance for the College group and without VD (0.01). Phase 2 had the group of parents and/or guardians from phase 1, and they were also categorized into 2 groups (College-College x with VD and without VD). The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the WASI scale for assessing intelligence, the NEO FFI-R instrument to assess personality, and a scale for assessing peer violence CTS-2. The ANCOVA statistical test used to measure the statistical significance in intelligence showed significance for the College group in the domains Verbal IQ, Execution IQ and Total IQ (p<0.01). Regarding violence between peers, Poison regression was significant for almost all domains of violence for the Nucleus group (p<0.01), with the exception of Severe Sexual Coercion, which was significant for the group with evidence of HV (p <0.01). Regarding personality, the multinomial ordinal logistic regression model presented significance in the Neuroticism domains (p<0.01) for the Nucleus group, for the Extroversion domain there was significance for the College group (p<0.01), for the Openness domain there was significance for the College group (p<0.01) and without HV (0.03), in the Ability domain there was significance for the College group (p<0.01) and without HV (0.02) and the Conscientiousness domain for the Colégio group and without DV (0.03 both). Comparing the variable intelligence of parents and children with VD using the Spearman test, there was a weak significance in Verbal IQ. Comparing personality by the McNemar test, there was a difference between Neuroticism of children and parents, with parents presenting higher classifications than children. Thus, children who have the opportunity to grow up with quality education, with emotionally balanced families, tend to have a lower incidence of violent behavior, cognitive impairment and personality disorders.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Violência doméstica, Personalidade, Emoções faciais, Inteligência, Violência, Domestic violence, Personality, Facial emotions, Intelligence, Violence
Citação
FERRO, Luiz Roberto Marquezi. Vivência de violência na infância e adolescência: impacto na personalidade e reconhecimento de emoções. 2021. 177 folhas. Tese (Psicologia da Saúde) - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2021.