Corpos em sofrimento e monstruosidades: modos fantásticos de narrar o inferno no apocalipse de Pedro
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2021-08-31
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
A seguinte pesquisa procura compreender como surge o imaginário do Cristianismo Primitivo a respeito de Inferno, especialmente observando o tratamento dado aos corpos das pessoas que ali pagam suas penas. Partimos do contexto religioso em que o movimento surge, observando os rituais e métodos como são feitos sepultamentos no mundo antigo, as honras e festivais dedicadas aos mortos na sociedade romana e partes das crenças em que se baseiam esses métodos. Destacamos a relevância de estudos a partir da literatura apócrifa para a compreensão do movimento cristão nascente e em seguida, apresentamos o contexto da apocalíptica judaica em que descrições do Inferno são forjadas e como o Cristianismo Primitivo recebeu e ressignificou essa tradição, dentro e fora dos cânones, para então apresentar as origens, versões e principais temas da fonte cristã apócrifa que escolhemos para pesquisar o tema, o Apocalipse de Pedro. Por fim, sublinhamos e analisamos trechos que consideramos importantes na fonte com o objetivo de perceber as diferenças de narrativas de tratamentos dos mortos entre a religião do Império e o movimento cristão, para buscar as motivações que causaram essas diferenças e que imaginários o Cristianismo Primitivo desenvolveu a partir dessas narrativas. Nossa hipótese é que, a partir de descrições fantásticas de manipulação de corpos no Inferno, de retórica de difamação sexual contra opositores e transformação desses opositores em figuras monstruosas, os cristãos primitivos desejaram exercer algum tipo de poder e controle sobre esses corpos e especialmente, sobre o Além-Mundo. Para obter êxito em nosso objetivo, dialogamos com autores da crítica literária que empreendem o modo fantástico de narrar, aplicamos sobre a fonte, o que pode ser chamado de teoria do monstruoso e aplicamos como metodologia, o conceito de apocrificidade, que empreende ler os textos canônicos e apócrifos como chaves de leitura complementares e igualmente importantes para a compreensão do mundo cristão primitivo.
The following research seeks to understand how the imagery of Early Christianity about Hell arises, especially observing the treatment given to the bodies of people who pay their punishments there. We start from the religious context in which the movement arises, observing the rituals and methods of burial in the Ancient World, the honors and festivals dedicated to the dead in Roman society, and parts of the beliefs on which these methods are based. We highlight the relevance of studies from apocryphal literature for understanding the nascent Christian movement and then present the context of Jewish apocalyptic in which descriptions of Hell are forged and how Early Christianity received and re-signified this tradition, inside and outside the canons , to then present the origins, versions and main themes of the apocryphal Christian source that we chose to research the theme, the Apocalypse of Peter. Finally, we underline and analyze excerpts that we consider important in the source in order to understand the differences in narratives of treatment of the dead between the religion of the Empire and the Christian movement, to seek the motivations that caused these differences and which imaginaries Early Christianity developed from these narratives. Our hypothesis is that, from fantastic descriptions of the manipulation of bodies in Hell, of the rhetoric of sexual difamation against opponents and the transformation of those opponents into monstrous figures, the early Christians wanted to exercise some kind of power and control over these bodies and, especially, over the Beyond-World. To achieve our point, we dialogued with authors of literary criticism who undertake the fantastic way of narrating and apply what can be called the monstrous theory to the source and we apply as a methodology, the concept of apocryficity, which undertakes to read the canonical and apocryphal texts as complementary and equally important reading keys for understanding the early Christian world.
The following research seeks to understand how the imagery of Early Christianity about Hell arises, especially observing the treatment given to the bodies of people who pay their punishments there. We start from the religious context in which the movement arises, observing the rituals and methods of burial in the Ancient World, the honors and festivals dedicated to the dead in Roman society, and parts of the beliefs on which these methods are based. We highlight the relevance of studies from apocryphal literature for understanding the nascent Christian movement and then present the context of Jewish apocalyptic in which descriptions of Hell are forged and how Early Christianity received and re-signified this tradition, inside and outside the canons , to then present the origins, versions and main themes of the apocryphal Christian source that we chose to research the theme, the Apocalypse of Peter. Finally, we underline and analyze excerpts that we consider important in the source in order to understand the differences in narratives of treatment of the dead between the religion of the Empire and the Christian movement, to seek the motivations that caused these differences and which imaginaries Early Christianity developed from these narratives. Our hypothesis is that, from fantastic descriptions of the manipulation of bodies in Hell, of the rhetoric of sexual difamation against opponents and the transformation of those opponents into monstrous figures, the early Christians wanted to exercise some kind of power and control over these bodies and, especially, over the Beyond-World. To achieve our point, we dialogued with authors of literary criticism who undertake the fantastic way of narrating and apply what can be called the monstrous theory to the source and we apply as a methodology, the concept of apocryficity, which undertakes to read the canonical and apocryphal texts as complementary and equally important reading keys for understanding the early Christian world.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Inferno, Apocalipse de Pedro, Apocrificidade, Modo Fantástico de Narrar, Corpo Monstruoso, Hell, Apocalypse of Peter, Apocricity, Fantastic Storytelling Mode, Monstrous Body
Citação
MATTOS, Carlos Eduardo de Araújo de. Corpos em sofrimento e monstruosidades: modos fantásticos de narrar o inferno no apocalipse de Pedro. 2021. 196 folhas. Tese (Ciências da Religião) - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2021.