Mircea Eliade e a maturidade do conceito de arquétipo em Carl Jung
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2021-12-17
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
A pesquisa teve por principal objetivo verificar como a maturidade do conceito de arquétipo do Jung foi influenciada pelas suas relações com o Eliade. Para tanto verificou-se como o conceito de arquétipo se desenvolveu em Jung de maneira geral, considerando sua biografia e suas obras completas. Na sequência se estudou o Círculo de Éranos, posto que lá Jung encontrou vários interlocutores que muito contribuíram para o desenvolvimento do seu pensamento. Então aprofundou-se na relação entre o Jung e o Eliade, pesquisando materiais de difícil acesso em língua portuguesa, como os diários do Eliade e as cartas trocadas entre o Eliade e o Jung. Concluiu-se que a influência do Eliade na maturidade do conceito de arquétipo do Jung se deu, principalmente, a partir do trabalho do Eliade Xamanismo e que este trabalho influenciou na virada do conceito de arquétipo psicóide para o arquétipo enquanto parte do conceito de Unus Mundus formulado por Jung. Essa influência se deu por o Jung encontrar no Eliade fundamentos sólidos de conhecimentos que são inacessíveis ao psicólogo por meio de sua experiência pessoal. Isso permitiu ao Jung uma base para desenvolver seu raciocínio referente a universalidade dos temas arquetípicos, com especial enfoque nos seguintes aspectos: no arquétipo da anima, no simbolismo da árvore, da quaternidade e do desmembramento. Ainda, o contato com a obra do Eliade permitiu que ele encontrasse um importante paralelo para o simbolismo da alquimia no simbolismo do xamanismo. Destaca-se que a amizade entre o Jung e o Eliade, possíveis hierofanias que ocorreram em Jung a partir da leitura do livro Xamanismo do Eliade, em conjunto com outros fatores, levaram Jung a elaborar um tipo de ontologia arcaica, em que os arquétipos têm um papel de destaque como parte da noção de Unus Mundus.
The main objective of the research was to verify how the maturity of Jung's concept of archetype was influenced by his relationships with Eliade. Therefore, it was verified how the concept of archetype was developed in Jung in a general way, considering his biography and his complete works. Next, the Circle of Eranos was studied, since there Jung found several interlocutors who greatly contributed to the development of his thought. Then he went deeper into the relationship between Jung and Eliade, researching materials that are difficult to access in Portuguese, such as Eliade's diaries and the letters exchanged between Eliade and Jung. It was concluded that Eliade's influence on the maturity of Jung's concept of archetype was mainly due to the work of Eliade “Shamanism” and that this work influenced the turn from the concept of psychoid archetype to archetype as part of the concept of Unus Mundus formulated by Jung. This influence occurred because Jung found in Eliade solid foundations of knowledge that are inaccessible to the psychologist through his personal experience. This allowed Jung a basis to develop his reasoning regarding the universality of archetypal themes, with special focus on the following aspects: the anima archetype, the tree symbolism, quaternity and dismemberment. Still, contact with Eliade's work allowed him to find an important parallel for the symbolism of alchemy in the symbolism of shamanism. It is noteworthy that the friendship between Jung and Eliade, possible hierophanies that occurred in Jung from the reading of the book Eliade's Shamanism, together with other factors, led Jung to elaborate a type of archaic ontology, in which archetypes have a prominent role as part of the notion of Unus Mundus.
The main objective of the research was to verify how the maturity of Jung's concept of archetype was influenced by his relationships with Eliade. Therefore, it was verified how the concept of archetype was developed in Jung in a general way, considering his biography and his complete works. Next, the Circle of Eranos was studied, since there Jung found several interlocutors who greatly contributed to the development of his thought. Then he went deeper into the relationship between Jung and Eliade, researching materials that are difficult to access in Portuguese, such as Eliade's diaries and the letters exchanged between Eliade and Jung. It was concluded that Eliade's influence on the maturity of Jung's concept of archetype was mainly due to the work of Eliade “Shamanism” and that this work influenced the turn from the concept of psychoid archetype to archetype as part of the concept of Unus Mundus formulated by Jung. This influence occurred because Jung found in Eliade solid foundations of knowledge that are inaccessible to the psychologist through his personal experience. This allowed Jung a basis to develop his reasoning regarding the universality of archetypal themes, with special focus on the following aspects: the anima archetype, the tree symbolism, quaternity and dismemberment. Still, contact with Eliade's work allowed him to find an important parallel for the symbolism of alchemy in the symbolism of shamanism. It is noteworthy that the friendship between Jung and Eliade, possible hierophanies that occurred in Jung from the reading of the book Eliade's Shamanism, together with other factors, led Jung to elaborate a type of archaic ontology, in which archetypes have a prominent role as part of the notion of Unus Mundus.
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Palavras-chave
Carl Jung, Mircea Eliade, Arquétipo, Círculo de Éranos, Ontologia, Archetype, Eranos Circle, Ontology
Citação
SILVA, João Victor Sant’Anna. Mircea Eliade e a maturidade do conceito de arquétipo em Carl Jung. 2021. 189 folhas. Dissertação (Ciências da Religião) - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2001.