A exclusão da mulher do espaço sagrado: uma leitura a partir de Nm 12,1-16
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Data
2021-09-23
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar que na tradição do povo de Israel e Judá, cujas experiências de fé estão registradas na Bíblia, havia mulheres atuando no espaço sagrado como profetisas e sacerdotisas. Em Nm 12,1-16 há um conflito entre as formas sacerdotais e proféticas femininas e masculinas, testemunhando que o sacerdócio em Israel não era um serviço exclusivo dos homens. Outros textos bíblicos comprovam a existência de profetisas, algumas delas com funções também sacerdotais. 2Rs 23, quando fala da deusa de Israel e Judá chamada Asherah cultuada nos santuários de Samaria e no templo de Jerusalém ao lado de YHWH, diz que haviam as sagradas de Asherah responsáveis pelo culto e objetos da deusa consorte de YHWH. Para centralizar o poder religioso e civil em Jerusalém, Josias promoveu a destruição dos outros deuses com seus sacerdotes. É possível que quando destruíram a deusa Asherah também suas sagradas tenham sido assassinadas, mas nem tudo foi destruído, pois no período pós-exílico ainda havia conflito entre as duas formas de sacerdócio e assim como na reforma josiânica, no período de reorganização do povo em torno do templo, as mulheres continuavam sendo perseguidas nas suas práticas sacerdotais.
This study seeks to demonstrate that in the tradition of the people of Israel and Judah, whose faith experiences are recorded in the Bible, there were women acting in the sacred space as both prophetesses and priestesses. In Num 12:1-16 there is a conflict between female and male priestly and prophetic forms, testifying that priesthood in Israel was not an exclusive service of men. Other biblical texts prove the existence of prophetesses, some of them with priestly functions as well. 2Kgs 23, when speaking of the goddess of Israel and Judah named Asherah worshipped in the shrines of Samaria and the temple in Jerusalem alongside YHWH, says that there were the sacred ladies of Asherah responsible for the worship and objects of the consort goddess of YHWH. To centralize religious and civil power in Jerusalem, Josiah promoted the destruction of the other gods with their priests. It is possible that when they destroyed the goddess Asherah her holy ladies were also murdered. But not everything was destroyed, because in the post-exilic period there was still conflict between the two forms of priesthood and just as in the Josianic reform, in the period of reorganization of the people around the temple, women were still being persecuted in their priestly practices.
This study seeks to demonstrate that in the tradition of the people of Israel and Judah, whose faith experiences are recorded in the Bible, there were women acting in the sacred space as both prophetesses and priestesses. In Num 12:1-16 there is a conflict between female and male priestly and prophetic forms, testifying that priesthood in Israel was not an exclusive service of men. Other biblical texts prove the existence of prophetesses, some of them with priestly functions as well. 2Kgs 23, when speaking of the goddess of Israel and Judah named Asherah worshipped in the shrines of Samaria and the temple in Jerusalem alongside YHWH, says that there were the sacred ladies of Asherah responsible for the worship and objects of the consort goddess of YHWH. To centralize religious and civil power in Jerusalem, Josiah promoted the destruction of the other gods with their priests. It is possible that when they destroyed the goddess Asherah her holy ladies were also murdered. But not everything was destroyed, because in the post-exilic period there was still conflict between the two forms of priesthood and just as in the Josianic reform, in the period of reorganization of the people around the temple, women were still being persecuted in their priestly practices.
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Palavras-chave
Sacerdotisa/Profetisa, Mulheres, Sagrado, Revoltas, Castigo, Priestess/Prophetess, Women, Sacred, Revolts, Punishment
Citação
REIS, Floripes de Oliveira. A exclusão da mulher do espaço sagrado: uma leitura a partir de Nm 12,1-16. 2021. 121 folhas. Dissertação (Ciências da Religião) - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo.