Funk resistência na construção de identidades contra-hegemônicas : novas formas de representação da mulher negra a partir do discurso de MC Tha
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2025-02-13
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
A presença da mulher negra na cena musical colocou em pauta questões relacionadas ao racismo, à violência de gênero e à representação estereotipada dessas personagens que, minimizadas historicamente, passaram a apostar na música popular brasileira – desde a década 1920 – como instrumento para romper estruturas clássicas de poder, lutar por reconhecimento e propor narrativas de emancipação. Para ilustrar esse movimento em um contexto mais recente, este estudo analisa a obra de Thais Dayane da Silva, a MC Tha, mulher negra, da periferia de São Paulo, que inova ao aproximar o funk das batidas de tambores da umbanda e criar textos com fortes referências ancestrais. O debate é guiado pelos Estudos Culturais e pelo pensamento feminista negro, que revelam os significados culturais, os conflitos e as negociações na construção de identidades de feministas negras na última década. Reforça-se, ainda, a perspectiva da memória como base para novos enquadramentos e leituras sob a ótica de uma cultura marginalizada. A partir da Análise do Discurso (AD) de filiação francesa, a crítica proposta nesta tese reforça a relação entre lingua gem, poder e ideologia nos contextos sociais onde MC Tha está inserida e prevê um estudo de abordagem qualitativa e exploratória do trabalho da cantora na sua primeira década de atuação, entre 2014 e 2024. O corpus é composto pelas letras das músicas criadas por ela, os elementos musicais que se relacionam com as canções (canto, instrumentação, ritmo etc.), as imagens de capas de singles, álbum e EP, além da performance da artista nos vídeos de divulgação e videoclipes oficias. Os dados foram coletados no Spotify, no canal do Youtube da cantora e na plataforma colaborativa Letras.com. Embasada em oito temas que partem das provocações do referencial teórico e da própria obra artística observada neste diálogo, esta tese sugere seis formações discursivas: (1) Refutar as imagens de controle, (2) Libertar a mulher negra, (3) Desmistificar a democracia racial, (4) Respeitar a ancestralidade, (5) Respeitar a espiritualidade, (6) Exercer o empoderamento. A análise temática, portanto, responde os possíveis significados culturais no trabalho da cantora e como ela rompe as imagens de controle sobre corpos e comportamentos da mulher negra, representada na perspectiva de um novo enquadramento: de pessoa livre, emancipada, não mais submissa, oprimida e/ou objetificada como nos discursos hegemônicos. Além de traduzir aproximações entre ativismo, memória e empoderamento da mulher negra por meio da música, o objeto deste estudo dialoga, recria representações e permite a produção de novos textos e sentidos respaldados em uma linguagem popular.
The presence of black women in the musical scene has brought to light issues related to racism, gender-based violence, and the stereotypical representation of these figures who, historica l ly marginalized, began to turn to brazilian popular music – since the 1920s – as a tool to challenge classical power structures, fight for recognition and propose narratives of emancipation. To illustrate this movement in a more recent context, this study analyzes the work of Thais Dayane da Silva, known as MC Tha, a black woman from the periphery of São Paulo, who innovates by blending funk with the drumbeats of umbanda and creating lyrics with strong references to her ancestry. The debate is guided by Cultural Studies and black feminist thought, which reveal the cultural meanings, conflicts and negotiations in the construction of black feminist identities over the past decade. Additionally, the perspective of memory is reinforced as a foundation for new frameworks and readings through the lens of a marginalized culture. Drawing on French-affiliated Discourse Analysis, the critique proposed in this thesis reinforces the relationship between language, power and ideology within the social contexts in which MC Tha operates. It outlines a qualitative and exploratory study of the singer's work during her first decade of activity, from 2014 to 2024. The corpus consists of the lyrics of her songs, the musical elements related to the compositions (vocals, instrumentation, rhythm etc.), the cover images of singles, albums and EPs, as well as her performances in promotional videos and official music vídeos. Data were collected from Spotify, the singer’s YouTube channel and the collaborative platform Letras.com. Grounded in eight themes drawn from the theoretical framework and the artistic work itself, this dissertation proposes six discursive formations: (1) Refuting controlling images, (2) Liberating black women, (3) Demystifying racial democracy, (4) Respecting ancestry, (5) Respecting spirituality, (6) Exercising empowerment. The thematic analysis thus addresses the possible cultural meanings in the singer’s work and how she cha lenges controlling images imposed on black women’s bodies and behaviors, offering a new framing: as free, emancipated individuals, no longer submiss ive, oppressed or objectified as in hegemonic discourses. In addition to illustrating the intersect ions between activism, memory and black women’s empowerment through music, the study’s object engages in dialogue, recreates representations and enables the production of new texts and meanings rooted in a popular language.
The presence of black women in the musical scene has brought to light issues related to racism, gender-based violence, and the stereotypical representation of these figures who, historica l ly marginalized, began to turn to brazilian popular music – since the 1920s – as a tool to challenge classical power structures, fight for recognition and propose narratives of emancipation. To illustrate this movement in a more recent context, this study analyzes the work of Thais Dayane da Silva, known as MC Tha, a black woman from the periphery of São Paulo, who innovates by blending funk with the drumbeats of umbanda and creating lyrics with strong references to her ancestry. The debate is guided by Cultural Studies and black feminist thought, which reveal the cultural meanings, conflicts and negotiations in the construction of black feminist identities over the past decade. Additionally, the perspective of memory is reinforced as a foundation for new frameworks and readings through the lens of a marginalized culture. Drawing on French-affiliated Discourse Analysis, the critique proposed in this thesis reinforces the relationship between language, power and ideology within the social contexts in which MC Tha operates. It outlines a qualitative and exploratory study of the singer's work during her first decade of activity, from 2014 to 2024. The corpus consists of the lyrics of her songs, the musical elements related to the compositions (vocals, instrumentation, rhythm etc.), the cover images of singles, albums and EPs, as well as her performances in promotional videos and official music vídeos. Data were collected from Spotify, the singer’s YouTube channel and the collaborative platform Letras.com. Grounded in eight themes drawn from the theoretical framework and the artistic work itself, this dissertation proposes six discursive formations: (1) Refuting controlling images, (2) Liberating black women, (3) Demystifying racial democracy, (4) Respecting ancestry, (5) Respecting spirituality, (6) Exercising empowerment. The thematic analysis thus addresses the possible cultural meanings in the singer’s work and how she cha lenges controlling images imposed on black women’s bodies and behaviors, offering a new framing: as free, emancipated individuals, no longer submiss ive, oppressed or objectified as in hegemonic discourses. In addition to illustrating the intersect ions between activism, memory and black women’s empowerment through music, the study’s object engages in dialogue, recreates representations and enables the production of new texts and meanings rooted in a popular language.
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Palavras-chave
Comunicação, Mulher negra, Feminismo negro, Memória, MC Tha, Communication, Black women, Black feminism, Memory
Citação
DONATO, Rita. Funk resistência na construção de identidades contra-hegemônicas : novas formas de representação da mulher negra a partir do discurso de MC Tha. 2025. 256 p. Tese (Doutorado em Comunicação Social) – Pós-Graduação em Comunicação Social da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2025.