Isbaal: a história por trás da tradição: um estudo exegético de 2Samuel 2,1-11
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Data
2022-04-04
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar a história de Isboshet por trás da tradição de 2Sm 2,1-11. Apesar da pouca visibilidade nos textos bíblicos, o personagem apresenta fortes indícios de sua relevância no período formativo de Israel Norte. Para alcançar nosso objetivo será utilizado o método histórico-crítico com foco na crítica da forma. No texto de 2Sm 2,1-11, nota-se claramente uma mudança de foco da narrativa nos primeiros versículos: Davi é o protagonista que se dirige a Jabes de Galaad e propõe a sua realeza; nos versículos seguintes, ignorando a iniciativa de Davi, o chefe do exército de Saul, Abner, leva Isboshet para Galaad e simplesmente o estabelece como rei. Outra dissonância que podemos observar é quanto à extensão territorial dos dois reinos: Davi governa somente a casa de Judá, enquanto Isboshet governa sobre um território bem maior. A interpretação comum desse texto diz que Davi sucede a Saul e passa a reinar sobre todo o território de Israel e Judá. É o início da chamada monarquia unida sob a primazia da casa davídica. Por outro lado, de acordo com pesquisas arqueológicas recentes a Jerusalém no século X AEC, a partir de onde Davi construiria o seu “império”, seria uma vila pequena, pobre e marginal. Como conciliar as distintas informações sugeridas pelo texto bíblico e pelas evidências históricas e arqueológicas? É possível situar o período em que se intensificaria o conflito entre a casa de Davi e a casa de Isboshet? Nota-se, que a memória de Israel Norte sofreu uma série de releituras a partir de Judá. Então, por trás da tradição bíblica de Isboshet, pode estar encoberta a história de uma forte entidade político administrativa, governada pela casa saulida e que estabeleceu as bases para a formação de Israel Norte.
The purpose of this research is to present the story of Isboshet behind the tradition of 2Samuel 2,1-11. Despite the low visibility in biblical texts, the character presents strong indications of his relevance in the formative period of Northern Israel. To achieve our goal, the historical- critical method will be used, focusing on the criticism of form. In the text of 2 Sam 2,1-11, a change of focus in the narrative in the first verses can be clearly seen: David is the protagonist who addresses Jabesh of Gilead and proposes his kingship; in the following verses, ignoring David's initiative, the chief of Saul's army, Abner, takes Isboshet to Gilead and simply sets him up as king. Another dissonance that we can observe is regarding the territorial extension of the two kingdoms: David rules only the house of Judah, while Isboshet rules over a much larger territory. The common interpretation of this text says that David succeeds Saul and begins to reign over the entire territory of Israel and Judah, it is the beginning of the so-called united monarchy under the primacy of the Davidic house. On the other hand, according to recent archaeological research, Jerusalem in the 19th century X BC, from where David would build his "empire", would be a small, poor and marginal village. How to reconcile the different information suggested by the biblical text and by historical and archaeological evidence? Is it possible to place the period in which the conflict between the house of David and the house of Isboshet would intensify? It is noted that the memory of Northern Israel underwent a series of reinterpretations from Judah, so behind the biblical tradition of Isboshet, the history of a strong political administrative entity, governed by the Saulid house and which established the foundations, may be hidden. for the formation of Northern Israel.
The purpose of this research is to present the story of Isboshet behind the tradition of 2Samuel 2,1-11. Despite the low visibility in biblical texts, the character presents strong indications of his relevance in the formative period of Northern Israel. To achieve our goal, the historical- critical method will be used, focusing on the criticism of form. In the text of 2 Sam 2,1-11, a change of focus in the narrative in the first verses can be clearly seen: David is the protagonist who addresses Jabesh of Gilead and proposes his kingship; in the following verses, ignoring David's initiative, the chief of Saul's army, Abner, takes Isboshet to Gilead and simply sets him up as king. Another dissonance that we can observe is regarding the territorial extension of the two kingdoms: David rules only the house of Judah, while Isboshet rules over a much larger territory. The common interpretation of this text says that David succeeds Saul and begins to reign over the entire territory of Israel and Judah, it is the beginning of the so-called united monarchy under the primacy of the Davidic house. On the other hand, according to recent archaeological research, Jerusalem in the 19th century X BC, from where David would build his "empire", would be a small, poor and marginal village. How to reconcile the different information suggested by the biblical text and by historical and archaeological evidence? Is it possible to place the period in which the conflict between the house of David and the house of Isboshet would intensify? It is noted that the memory of Northern Israel underwent a series of reinterpretations from Judah, so behind the biblical tradition of Isboshet, the history of a strong political administrative entity, governed by the Saulid house and which established the foundations, may be hidden. for the formation of Northern Israel.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Isboshet, Isbaal, Saul, Israel Norte, Tradição, História, Ishbaal, Israel North, Tradition, History
Citação
SOUZA, Lucimeire da Costa Vieira de. ISBAAL: a história por trás da tradição. Um estudo exegético de 2Samuel 2,1-11.. 2022. 108 folhas. Dissertação (Ciências da Religião) - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2022.