O papel moderador do capital psicológico sobre a relação entre percepção de suporte social e adesão ao tratamento
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Data
2012-09-03
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
A psicologia positiva focaliza o estudo das emoções positivas, traços de caráter positivo e se destina a complementar, e não se distanciar ou substituir, o que já se sabe sobre o sofrimento humano, a fraqueza e as debilidades. Recentemente, baseado nos estudos da psicologia positiva, foi desenvolvido o conceito de capital psicológico (psycap), um construto de nível superior o qual pode ser definido como um estado de desenvolvimento psicológico positivo, caracterizado por: (1) possuir confiança (autoeficácia) para realizar os esforços necessários para enfrentar tarefas desafiadoras; (2) realizar atribuições positivas (otimismo) acerca de como se comportar no momento atual e no futuro; (3) perseverança no direcionamento dos esforços para atingir seus objetivos (esperança); e, (4) quando confrontado com problemas e adversidades, resistir à pressão e superar os obstáculos (resiliência) para atingir os seus objetivos. A percepção de suporte social pode ser entendida como um conceito que se refere à crença do indivíduo de que possui acesso a recursos materiais e psicológicos através de suas redes sociais. O suporte social pode atuar de forma positiva na saúde, desde a proteção até sua recuperação. A adesão ao tratamento pode ser considerada como a extensão à qual o comportamento do paciente (em termos de tomar os medicamentos, seguir dietas ou alterar o estilo de vida) coincide com as orientações ou conselhos médicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as relações entre capital psicológico, percepção de suporte social e adesão ao tratamento. Dele fizeram parte, 102 participantes escolhidos por conveniência, que responderam a um questionário autoaplicável contendo as medidas das variáveis deste estudo. Os dados foram submetidos às análises descritivas e multivariadas utilizando o SPSS, versão 19.0. Dentre os resultados, pode-se salientar a comprovação do impacto de percepção de suporte social sobre a adesão ao tratamento e a impossibilidade de que capital psicológico exerça papel moderador sobre essa relação na amostra estudada. Conclui-se que foram atingidos os objetivos do estudo com destaque para a corroboração que os resultados do mesmo trouxeram para os achados já presentes na literatura acerca do impacto do suporte social na adesão ao tratamento.
The positive psychology focuses on the study of positive emotions, positive character traits and is intended to supplement, not replace or move away, which is already known about human suffering, weakness and weaknesses. Recently, based on studies of positive psychology, was developed the concept of psychological capital (Psycap), a top-level construct which can be defined as a positive psychological state of development, characterized by: (1) having confidence (self-efficacy) to make the necessary efforts to tackle challenging tasks, (2) make positive attributions (optimistic) about how to behave at the present moment and in the future, (3) perseverance in directing efforts to attain their goals (hope), and ( 4) when confronted with problems and adversity, resist pressure and overcome obstacles (resilience) to attain its goals. The perception of social support can be understood as a concept that refers to the belief that the individual has access to psychological and material resources through their social networks. Social support can act positively on health, provided protection until their recovery. Adherence to treatment can be considered as the extent to which the patient's behavior (in terms of taking medications, following diets or lifestyle change) coincides with medical orientations or advices. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between psychological capital, perception of social support and adherence to treatment. The study included, 102 participants chosen by convenience, answered a self-administered questionnaire containing measures of variables in this study. The data were submitted to descriptive analyzes and multivariate of SPSS 19.0. Among the results, we can point out the evidence of the impact of perceived social support on adherence to treatment and the impossibility that psychological capital exert moderating effect on this relationship in the studied sample. It was concluded that the objectives have been achieved in this study with emphasis on corroboration that the results of the same brought to the findings already present in the literature about the impact of social support in adherence to treatment.
The positive psychology focuses on the study of positive emotions, positive character traits and is intended to supplement, not replace or move away, which is already known about human suffering, weakness and weaknesses. Recently, based on studies of positive psychology, was developed the concept of psychological capital (Psycap), a top-level construct which can be defined as a positive psychological state of development, characterized by: (1) having confidence (self-efficacy) to make the necessary efforts to tackle challenging tasks, (2) make positive attributions (optimistic) about how to behave at the present moment and in the future, (3) perseverance in directing efforts to attain their goals (hope), and ( 4) when confronted with problems and adversity, resist pressure and overcome obstacles (resilience) to attain its goals. The perception of social support can be understood as a concept that refers to the belief that the individual has access to psychological and material resources through their social networks. Social support can act positively on health, provided protection until their recovery. Adherence to treatment can be considered as the extent to which the patient's behavior (in terms of taking medications, following diets or lifestyle change) coincides with medical orientations or advices. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between psychological capital, perception of social support and adherence to treatment. The study included, 102 participants chosen by convenience, answered a self-administered questionnaire containing measures of variables in this study. The data were submitted to descriptive analyzes and multivariate of SPSS 19.0. Among the results, we can point out the evidence of the impact of perceived social support on adherence to treatment and the impossibility that psychological capital exert moderating effect on this relationship in the studied sample. It was concluded that the objectives have been achieved in this study with emphasis on corroboration that the results of the same brought to the findings already present in the literature about the impact of social support in adherence to treatment.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Adesão ao tratamento, Percepção de suporte social, Capital psicológico, Psicologia positiva, Adherence to treatment, Perception of social support, Psychological capital, Positive psychology
Citação
BONINO, Marcello Carlos Portela. O papel moderador do capital psicológico sobre a relação entre percepção de suporte social e adesão ao tratamento. 2012. 65 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia da Saúde) – Faculdade de Saúde, Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2012.