Implantação de um modelo de pré-natal coletivo na assistência às gestantes no setor privado
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2018-08-28
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
A assistência pré-natal se caracteriza como importante ferramenta para identificar fatores de risco, realizar intervenções oportunas para reduzir a morbimortalidade materna, fetal, neonatal e infantil. Além disso, tem finalidade psicológica e social, representando uma forma de resgate da percepção corporal, do autocuidado, da participação efetiva da mulher no pré-natal e no parto, e da cultura do parto normal, que se perdeu na sociedade atual. Para que todos os obje-tivos sejam alcançados, é necessário que a composição da equipe assistencial seja multidisci-plinar. Ainda não se consegue comprovar cientificamente a efetividade dos programas de pré-natal atuais e muitos são modelos propostos. Dentre eles, o pré-natal coletivo, descrito no iní-cio da década de 90 por uma obstetriz, e pioneiro nos EUA, com mais de 500 grupos atual-mente no país. Através de um estudo descritivo, desenvolveu-se esta pesquisa para implantar e descrever um programa de Pré-natal Coletivo Multiprofissional, realizado no sistema privado de saúde, na região do Vale do Paraíba-SP, baseado nas propostas do Centering Healthcare Institute (EUA), mostrando os resultados obtidos em conjunto com um atendimento holístico e humanizado à saúde da gestante. Foram atendidas 160 gestantes, em acompanhamento pré-natal e assistência ao parto, realizando-se 52 reuniões de pré-natal coletivo, no período de Agosto de 2016 a Dezembro de 2017. As mulheres frequentaram de 2 a 7 reuniões cada uma, com duração de 2h, onde participaram médico obstetra, médico pediatra, obstetrizes, psicólo-gas, nutricionista e fisioterapeuta. Os resultados evidenciaram baixas taxas de prematuridade (5,6%), adequado ganho de peso na gravidez (10,5kg), altos índices de partos normais (72,5%), altas taxas de períneo íntegro ou lesões perineais leves no parto (74,1%), menor tem-po médio de duração do trabalho de parto (8,45 horas), leves complicações neonatais (1,9% de internações em UTI), altos índices de Apgar no primeiro minuto de vida (96,8%). Dentre os recém-nascidos, 11,5% apresentaram baixo peso para idade gestacional. As gestantes do grupo foram mais propensas em contatar doulas para acompanhar o trabalho de parto (75,6%). As participantes e os profissionais envolvidos relataram muita satisfação com o modelo, segundo relatos incluídos no estudo.
Prenatal care is characterized as an important instrument to identify risk factors, to perform timely interventions to reduce maternal, fetal, neonatal and infantile morbidity. It also has a psychological and social purpose, representing a way of rescuing bodily perception, self-care, the effective participation of women in prenatal and childbirth, and the culture of normal childbirth, which has been lost in today's society. For all objectives to be achieved, the compo-sition of the assistance team is required to be multidisciplinary. It is not yet scientifically prov-en the effectiveness of current prenatal programs and many models are proposed. Among them, the group prenatal care, described in the early 90s by an midwife, and pioneer in the USA, with more than 500 groups currently in the country. Through a descriptive study, this research was been developed to implement and describe a multiprofessional group pre-natal care program, carried out in the private health system, in the region of Vale do Paraíba-SP, Brazil, based on the proposals of the Centering Healthcare Institute (US), showing the results obtained in conjunction with a holistic and humanized care for the pregnant woman. One hundred and sixty pregnant women were served in prenatal care and childbirth assistance, with 52 group prenatal meetings taking place from August 2016 to December 2017. The women attended 2 to 7 meetings each, with 2 hour-duration, where participated obstetrician doctor, pediatrician doctor, midwives, psychologists, nutritionist and physiotherapist. The results showed low prematurity rates (5.6%), normal pregnancy weight gain (10,5kg), high rates of normal childbirth (72.5%), high levels of healthy perineum or mild perineal lesions in childbirth (74.1%), shorter average time of labor (8.45 hours), minor neonatal complications (1.9% of ICU hospitalization), high Apgar scores in the first minute (96.8%). Among the newborns, 11,5% of them were low weight for gestational age. The pregnant women of the group were more likely to contact Doulas to accompany the labor (75.6%). The participants and the professionals involved reported satisfaction with the model, as reports described in the study.
Prenatal care is characterized as an important instrument to identify risk factors, to perform timely interventions to reduce maternal, fetal, neonatal and infantile morbidity. It also has a psychological and social purpose, representing a way of rescuing bodily perception, self-care, the effective participation of women in prenatal and childbirth, and the culture of normal childbirth, which has been lost in today's society. For all objectives to be achieved, the compo-sition of the assistance team is required to be multidisciplinary. It is not yet scientifically prov-en the effectiveness of current prenatal programs and many models are proposed. Among them, the group prenatal care, described in the early 90s by an midwife, and pioneer in the USA, with more than 500 groups currently in the country. Through a descriptive study, this research was been developed to implement and describe a multiprofessional group pre-natal care program, carried out in the private health system, in the region of Vale do Paraíba-SP, Brazil, based on the proposals of the Centering Healthcare Institute (US), showing the results obtained in conjunction with a holistic and humanized care for the pregnant woman. One hundred and sixty pregnant women were served in prenatal care and childbirth assistance, with 52 group prenatal meetings taking place from August 2016 to December 2017. The women attended 2 to 7 meetings each, with 2 hour-duration, where participated obstetrician doctor, pediatrician doctor, midwives, psychologists, nutritionist and physiotherapist. The results showed low prematurity rates (5.6%), normal pregnancy weight gain (10,5kg), high rates of normal childbirth (72.5%), high levels of healthy perineum or mild perineal lesions in childbirth (74.1%), shorter average time of labor (8.45 hours), minor neonatal complications (1.9% of ICU hospitalization), high Apgar scores in the first minute (96.8%). Among the newborns, 11,5% of them were low weight for gestational age. The pregnant women of the group were more likely to contact Doulas to accompany the labor (75.6%). The participants and the professionals involved reported satisfaction with the model, as reports described in the study.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cuidados pré-natal, Gestação, Psicologia da saúde, Planejamento da saúde, Prevenção primária, Enfermagem, Atendimento humanizado, Prenatal care, Pregnancy, Behavioral medicine, Health care planning, Primary pre-vention, Midwifery, Humanized care
Citação
FONTES, Rosana Seleri. Implantação de um modelo de pré-natal coletivo na assistência às gestantes no setor privado. 2018. 84 folhas. Dissertação (Psicologia da Saúde) - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2018.