Influência dos suportes psicossocial e material no impacto do treinamento no trabalho
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Data
2020-03-24
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
Essa pesquisa apresenta como objetivo geral testar o modelo de predição das variáveis do suporte à transferência de treinamento: (1) suporte psicossocial dos pares (colegas), (2) suporte psicossocial dos supervisores e (3) suporte material sobre o impacto de treinamento no trabalho em amplitude, considerando a importância das relações humanas ante as condições materiais e a falta de consenso identificada na literatura. Teve como objetivos específicos realizar a revisão sistemática da literatura nacional e estrangeira sobre suporte à transferência de treinamento e sobre impacto de treinamento no trabalho; identificar qual o principal preditor do impacto do treinamento no trabalho em amplitude; investigar qual tipo de suporte à transferência de treinamento possui maior influência sobre o impacto de treinamento no trabalho e verificar se o modelo proposto funciona de forma distinta para diferentes grupos: líderes e liderados. A coleta de dados foi realizada por conveniência, por meio de aplicação de questionário on-line. As respostas às escalas de suporte à transferência de treinamento e de impacto do treinamento no trabalho em amplitude e aos dados sociodemográficos dos 146 respondentes válidos foram submetidas a análises estatísticas descritivas, Alfa de Cronbach, teste de normalidade de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, correlações de Spearman, análise de regressão, análise de variância e teste Mann Whitney. Os resultados revelaram que o suportes à transferência de treinamento (psicossocial e material) predizem o impacto de treinamento no trabalho em amplitude, que as dimensões do suporte à transferência de treinamento, tanto quando avaliada de maneira bifatorial (suportes material e psicossocial) quanto quando separadas em suporte psicossocial de pares e supervisores, além do suporte material, influenciam positivamente o impacto do treinamento no trabalho. Suportes material e psicossocial explicaram 33,3% e suportes material, psicossocial de pares e de supervisores, 32,9%, respectivamente. O suporte psicossocial dos pares foi o principal preditor de impacto de treinamento no trabalho em amplitude. Esses resultados sugerem que fatores mais proximais, como o apoio de pares, podem superar o efeito de fatores mais distais na promoção da transferência e autonomia no trabalho, que o suporte psicossocial (pares e supervisores) tem maior influência sobre impacto de treinamento no trabalho em amplitude do que o suporte material. Embora a literatura apresente resultados que apontam diferenças entre as percepções de líderes e liderados, este estudo não corroborou tais resultados; a percepção de suporte psicossocial dos indivíduos com função de liderança não difere significantemente dos indivíduos subordinados. Aqui se estabelece uma oportunidade de pesquisa, em delinear os aspectos específicos (informacional, instrumental, emocional e performance, além das características do treinando, do treinamento e do ambiente) do suporte de supervisão e então líderes, que têm a relação mais consistente com a transferência de treinamento. Os resultados desta pesquisa reforçam que, o apoio percebido é essencial para o impacto do treinamento, principalmente o apoio de pares, que se deve, talvez, ao contato direto estabelecido entre colegas de trabalho de mesmo status funcional e ao contínuo fluxo de informações. O destaque dos desafios dessa área de pesquisa está principalmente relacionado ao processo de aprendizagem e à melhora metodológica das pesquisas.
This research has as general objective to test the model of prediction of the variables of the support to the transfer of training: (1) psychosocial support of the peers (colleagues), (2) psychosocial support of the supervisors and (3) material support on the training impact on extensive work, considering the importance of human relationships in the face of material conditions and the lack of consensus identified in the literature. Its specific objectives were to carry out a systematic review of national and foreign literature on support for transfer of training and on the impact of training at work; identify which is the main predictor of the impact of training at work in breadth; investigate which type of support for training transfer has the greatest influence on the impact of training at work and verify whether the proposed model works differently for different groups: leaders and followers. Data collection was carried out for convenience, through the application of an online questionnaire. The responses to the scales of support to the transfer of training and the impact of training at work in amplitude and to the sociodemographic data of the 146 valid respondents were subjected to descriptive statistical analyzes, Cronbach's alpha, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Spearman correlations, regression analysis, analysis of variance and Mann Whitney test. The results revealed that support for training transfer (psychosocial and material) predicts the impact of training at work in breadth, that the dimensions of support for training transfer, both when evaluated in a bifactorial way (material and psychosocial support) and when separated in psychosocial support from peers and supervisors, in addition to material support, positively influence the impact of training at work. Material and psychosocial support explained 33.3% and material, psychosocial support from peers and supervisors, 32.9%, respectively. The psychosocial support of peers was the main predictor of the impact of training at work in breadth. These results suggest that more proximal factors, such as peer support, can overcome the effect of more distal factors in promoting transfer and autonomy at work, that psychosocial support (peers and supervisors) has a greater influence on the impact of training at work in amplitude than the material support. Although the literature presents results that point out differences between the perceptions of leaders and followers, this study did not corroborate these results; the perception of psychosocial support of individuals with a leadership role does not differ significantly from subordinate individuals. Here, a research opportunity is established, to outline the specific aspects (informational, instrumental, emotional and performance, in addition to the trainee, training and environment characteristics) of the supervisory support and then leaders, who have the most consistent relationship with the training transfer. The results of this research reinforce that, the perceived support is essential for the training impact, mainly the support of peers, which is perhaps due to the direct contact established between co-workers with the same functional status and the continuous flow of information. The highlight of the challenges in this research area is mainly related to the learning process and to the methodological improvement of research.
This research has as general objective to test the model of prediction of the variables of the support to the transfer of training: (1) psychosocial support of the peers (colleagues), (2) psychosocial support of the supervisors and (3) material support on the training impact on extensive work, considering the importance of human relationships in the face of material conditions and the lack of consensus identified in the literature. Its specific objectives were to carry out a systematic review of national and foreign literature on support for transfer of training and on the impact of training at work; identify which is the main predictor of the impact of training at work in breadth; investigate which type of support for training transfer has the greatest influence on the impact of training at work and verify whether the proposed model works differently for different groups: leaders and followers. Data collection was carried out for convenience, through the application of an online questionnaire. The responses to the scales of support to the transfer of training and the impact of training at work in amplitude and to the sociodemographic data of the 146 valid respondents were subjected to descriptive statistical analyzes, Cronbach's alpha, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Spearman correlations, regression analysis, analysis of variance and Mann Whitney test. The results revealed that support for training transfer (psychosocial and material) predicts the impact of training at work in breadth, that the dimensions of support for training transfer, both when evaluated in a bifactorial way (material and psychosocial support) and when separated in psychosocial support from peers and supervisors, in addition to material support, positively influence the impact of training at work. Material and psychosocial support explained 33.3% and material, psychosocial support from peers and supervisors, 32.9%, respectively. The psychosocial support of peers was the main predictor of the impact of training at work in breadth. These results suggest that more proximal factors, such as peer support, can overcome the effect of more distal factors in promoting transfer and autonomy at work, that psychosocial support (peers and supervisors) has a greater influence on the impact of training at work in amplitude than the material support. Although the literature presents results that point out differences between the perceptions of leaders and followers, this study did not corroborate these results; the perception of psychosocial support of individuals with a leadership role does not differ significantly from subordinate individuals. Here, a research opportunity is established, to outline the specific aspects (informational, instrumental, emotional and performance, in addition to the trainee, training and environment characteristics) of the supervisory support and then leaders, who have the most consistent relationship with the training transfer. The results of this research reinforce that, the perceived support is essential for the training impact, mainly the support of peers, which is perhaps due to the direct contact established between co-workers with the same functional status and the continuous flow of information. The highlight of the challenges in this research area is mainly related to the learning process and to the methodological improvement of research.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Suporte à transferência de treinamento, Suporte psicossocial, Suporte material, Impacto do treinamento no trabalho, Support to training transfer, Psychosocial support, Material support, Impact of training at work
Citação
CALIL, Priscila Soares. Influência dos suportes psicossocial e material no impacto do treinamento no trabalho. 2020. 233 folhas. Dissertação (Psicologia da Saúde) - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2020.