Pré-natal coletivo na perspectiva da mulher que busca o parto domiciliar planejado
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2020-04-01
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
O cuidado pré-natal constitui importante ferramenta de promoção, prevenção e tratamento em saúde. O pré-natal coletivo (PNC) é um método inovador de assistência e tende a melhorar o cuidado, de modo a oferecer informações de qualidade, convívio com outras gestantes e contato com suas questões, favorecendo com que as decisões da mulher/família sejam feitas com base na autonomia e horizontalidade da assistência. No que diz respeito à realidade brasileira, a maior parte das gestantes é submetida à cesariana, muitas vezes de maneira desnecessária. Sendo assim, tal modelo de assistência no qual o foco do cuidado é, para além das questões fisiopatológicas gestacionais, informativo, é tido como positivo para as mulheres que buscam uma alternativa à realidade obstétrica nacional, como o parto domiciliar planejado (PDP). Desta maneira, este estudo teve como objetivos: compreender a percepção de gestantes de risco habitual acerca de um modelo de PNC com mulheres que planejam PDP; investigar quais as motivações destas mulheres para o PDP, e suas percepções sobre o modelo de PNC no momento do pós-parto. A coleta de dados se deu através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 5 mulheres em dois momentos: no terceiro trimestre gestacional e em até três meses após o parto. Do conteúdo trazido nas entrevistas, através da técnica de análise de conteúdo temático-categorial, emergiram 8 categorias pré-parto e 5 categorias pós-parto. No que diz respeito às motivações para o PDP, as mulheres entrevistadas optaram por esse modelo de assistência devido às experiências anteriores, seja pelo desejo de não repeti-las, seja pelo desejo de ter uma experiência ainda melhor, todas demonstrando grande conhecimento sobre os benefícios associados a esta escolha. Como resultado o modelo de PNC se desenvolveu com os seguintes temas disparadores: A equipe de parto domiciliar, materiais levados e planos de transferência; Como vivenciar uma gestação da maneira mais saudável possível?; Termos de informação e segurança do PD; Evidências e riscos em casos específicos (bolsa rota prolongada, VBAC, gestação prolongada); Trabalho de parto: fases e sinais, e Cuidados com o recém-nascido após o nascimento. As mulheres entrevistadas consideraram o modelo de PNC satisfatório, enfatizando a horizontalidade da assistência, o ganho de informação, o estímulo ao exercício da autonomia sobre seus processos de gestação e parto, além de considerarem positiva a convivência com outras mulheres que buscam o mesmo tipo de assistência. Levantaram como aspectos negativos as limitações relacionadas à privacidade e manifestaram desejo de maior tempo de troca individual com a equipe assistencial. No momento do pós-parto o modelo de PNC foi avaliado como positivo e satisfatório pelas mulheres, que enfatizaram a predileção por temas com conteúdo técnico e também pelos com propostas dinâmicas e de autoconhecimento sobre seus corpos e sobre o próprio parto. A conclusão do estudo foi de que o modelo de PNC proposto trouxe satisfação para as entrevistadas, porém, algumas alterações podem trazer benefícios, especialmente para as multíparas que já tiveram contato com informações acerca de humanização do parto anteriormente à gestação atual. Portanto, selecionar os grupos entre primíparas e multíparas pode ser uma alternativa para essa questão, além de abrir para temas sob demanda, de maneira que tais mulheres tirem maior proveito do modelo de assistência. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Código de Financiamento 001.
Prenatal care is an important tool for health promotion, prevention and treatment. Group prenatal care (GPC) is an innovative method of care and tends to improve care in order to provide quality information, contact with other pregnant women and their questions, favoring the decisions of women / families, based on the autonomy and horizontal care. Regarding the Brazilian reality, most women undergo cesarean section, often unnecessarily. Thus, such care model in which the focus of care is, in addition to gestational pathophysiological issues, informative, is considered positive for women seeking an alternative to Brazilian reality, such as planned home birth (PHB). Thus, this study aimed to understand the perception of low risk pregnant women about a GPC model for those who plan PHB, and investigate the motivations and perceptions of these women about PHB, and their postnatal perceptions about the GPC model. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 5 women at two moments: in the third trimester of pregnancy and within three months after delivery. From the content brought in the interviews, using thematic-categorical content analysis technique, 8 prenatal categories emerged and 5 postpartum categories. Concerning the women’s motivations for PHB, the women interviewed choose this model of assistance due to previous experiences, either because of the desire not to repeat them, or because of the desire to have an even better experience, all demonstrating great knowledge about the benefits associated with this choice. As a result, the GPN model developed with the following triggering themes: The home birth team, materials taken and transfer plans; How to experience a healthy pregnancy?; PHB information and security terms; Evidence and risks in specific cases (prolonged amniotic ruptured, VBAC, prolonged pregnancy); Labor: phases and signs, and Care of the newborn after birth. The women interviewed considered the GPN model satisfactory, emphasizing the horizontality of care, the gain of information, the encouragement to exercise autonomy over their pregnancy and childbirth processes, in addition to considering the coexistence with other women who seek the same type of care to be positive. They raised the negative aspects of the limitations related to privacy and expressed a desire for more individual time with the assistance team. Another aspect pointed out was the “imbalance” between group participants, especially between primiparous and multiparous women, and even the suggestion of a previous “leveling” appeared. At the time of postpartum, the GPN model was evaluated as positive and satisfactory by women, who emphasized a predilection for topics with technical content and also for those with dynamic and self-knowledge proposals about their bodies and about birth itself. The conclusion of the study was that the proposed GPN model brought satisfaction to the interviewees, however, some changes can bring benefits, especially for multiparous women who have had contact with information about the humanization of childbirth before the current pregnancy. Therefore, selecting groups between primiparous and multiparous women can be an alternative to this issue, in addition to opening up to on-demand topics, so that these women take greater advantage of this assistance model. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.
Prenatal care is an important tool for health promotion, prevention and treatment. Group prenatal care (GPC) is an innovative method of care and tends to improve care in order to provide quality information, contact with other pregnant women and their questions, favoring the decisions of women / families, based on the autonomy and horizontal care. Regarding the Brazilian reality, most women undergo cesarean section, often unnecessarily. Thus, such care model in which the focus of care is, in addition to gestational pathophysiological issues, informative, is considered positive for women seeking an alternative to Brazilian reality, such as planned home birth (PHB). Thus, this study aimed to understand the perception of low risk pregnant women about a GPC model for those who plan PHB, and investigate the motivations and perceptions of these women about PHB, and their postnatal perceptions about the GPC model. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 5 women at two moments: in the third trimester of pregnancy and within three months after delivery. From the content brought in the interviews, using thematic-categorical content analysis technique, 8 prenatal categories emerged and 5 postpartum categories. Concerning the women’s motivations for PHB, the women interviewed choose this model of assistance due to previous experiences, either because of the desire not to repeat them, or because of the desire to have an even better experience, all demonstrating great knowledge about the benefits associated with this choice. As a result, the GPN model developed with the following triggering themes: The home birth team, materials taken and transfer plans; How to experience a healthy pregnancy?; PHB information and security terms; Evidence and risks in specific cases (prolonged amniotic ruptured, VBAC, prolonged pregnancy); Labor: phases and signs, and Care of the newborn after birth. The women interviewed considered the GPN model satisfactory, emphasizing the horizontality of care, the gain of information, the encouragement to exercise autonomy over their pregnancy and childbirth processes, in addition to considering the coexistence with other women who seek the same type of care to be positive. They raised the negative aspects of the limitations related to privacy and expressed a desire for more individual time with the assistance team. Another aspect pointed out was the “imbalance” between group participants, especially between primiparous and multiparous women, and even the suggestion of a previous “leveling” appeared. At the time of postpartum, the GPN model was evaluated as positive and satisfactory by women, who emphasized a predilection for topics with technical content and also for those with dynamic and self-knowledge proposals about their bodies and about birth itself. The conclusion of the study was that the proposed GPN model brought satisfaction to the interviewees, however, some changes can bring benefits, especially for multiparous women who have had contact with information about the humanization of childbirth before the current pregnancy. Therefore, selecting groups between primiparous and multiparous women can be an alternative to this issue, in addition to opening up to on-demand topics, so that these women take greater advantage of this assistance model. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cuidado pré-natal, Pré-natal coletivo, Parto domiciliar, Psicologia da saúde, Parteria, Prenatal care, Group prenatal care, Home birth, Health psychology, Midwifery
Citação
CURSINO, Thaís Peloggia. Pré-natal coletivo na perspectiva da mulher que busca o parto domiciliar planejado. 2020. 103 folhas. Dissertação (Psicologia da Saúde) - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2020.