A escola e o inédito viável: fundamentos ideológicos para uma nova hegemonia
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2016-12-01
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
O tema desta pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, centra-se na política educacional, de modo especial, sobre a pertinência do desenvolvimento de uma ideologia a ser desencadeadora de um currículo específico, voltado à educação pública e popular. O currículo escolar da escola burguesa é marcado pela ideologia hegemônica, que procura esconder a luta de classes sob a égide da neutralidade científica. Assim, esta pesquisa coloca-se em contraposição ao movimento denominado de “Escola sem Partido”. O problema que norteia a presente investigação refere-se ao reconhecimento da existência de uma ideologia própria das classes populares e busca compreender suas marcas e características, bem como a legimitação de tal ideologia por meio dos currículos contra-hegemônicos a serem implementados nas escolas públicas e populares. O estudo parte do pressuposto de que existe uma ideologia popular construída nas experiências cotidianas de exploração e opressão das classes subalternas, geradoras de revoltas. Contudo, ao se estabelecer no senso comum, essa ideologia, por si só, não é capaz de gerar uma consciência de classe. Por essa razão, ressalta-se a importância de sua problematização no currículo da escola pública e popular. Nesse contexto, o objetivo central desta pesquisa é contribuir com a elaboração de um currículo escolar transformador. Em face do exposto, buscou-se realizar uma revisão bibliográfica a partir das contribuições teóricas de Antonio Gramsci e Paulo Freire, sobre as temáticas ideologia popular e currículo escolar, utilizando como fundamento para esse debate as concepções do marxista francês Alain Badiou. A investigação contou, também, com uma pesquisa de campo, na qual foram realizadas quatro entrevistas semiabertas com renomados intelectuais brasileiros: Gaudêncio Frigotto, José Eustáquio Romão, Luiz Antonio Cunha e Claudio de Oliveira Ribeiro. O estudo possibilitou confirmar a hipótese ora apresentada e inferir, portanto, que uma escola pública e popular não pode ser viabilizada seguindo o mesmo currículo e valores da escola burguesa.
The theme of this research, of qualitative nature, focuses on educational policy, in a special way, on the relevance of the development of an ideology to be unchained of a specific curriculum, geared to public and popular education. The school curriculum of the middleclass school is marked by hegemonic ideology, that tries to hide the class struggle under the aegis of scientific neutrality. Thus, this research puts itself in opposition to the movement called "Escola sem Partido". The question that guides this research refers to the recognition of the existence of the working classes own ideology and tries to understand their aspects and features, as well as the legitimation of such ideology through the counter-hegemonic curriculum to be implemented in public and popular schools. The study assumes that there is a popular ideology built on the everyday experiences of exploitation and oppression of the lower classes, revolts generators. However, when establishing the common sense, that ideology, in itself, is not able to generate a class consciousness. For this reason, it is emphasized the importance of its questioning in the popular and public school curriculum. In this context, the central objective of this research is to contribute to the development of a transformative curriculum. Considering the above, it was tried to conduct a literature review from the theoretical contributions of Antonio Gramsci and Paulo Freire, on the themes popular ideology and school curriculum, using as a basis for this debate the ideas of the French Marxist Alain Badiou. The research counted, too, with a field research in which there have been four semi-open interviews with renowned Brazilian intellectuals: Gaudêncio Frigotto, José Eustáquio Romão, Luiz Antonio Cunha and Claudio de Oliveira Ribeiro. The study made it possible to confirm the hypothesis presented here and infer, therefore, that a public and popular school can not be made possible following the same curriculum and values of middleclass school.
The theme of this research, of qualitative nature, focuses on educational policy, in a special way, on the relevance of the development of an ideology to be unchained of a specific curriculum, geared to public and popular education. The school curriculum of the middleclass school is marked by hegemonic ideology, that tries to hide the class struggle under the aegis of scientific neutrality. Thus, this research puts itself in opposition to the movement called "Escola sem Partido". The question that guides this research refers to the recognition of the existence of the working classes own ideology and tries to understand their aspects and features, as well as the legitimation of such ideology through the counter-hegemonic curriculum to be implemented in public and popular schools. The study assumes that there is a popular ideology built on the everyday experiences of exploitation and oppression of the lower classes, revolts generators. However, when establishing the common sense, that ideology, in itself, is not able to generate a class consciousness. For this reason, it is emphasized the importance of its questioning in the popular and public school curriculum. In this context, the central objective of this research is to contribute to the development of a transformative curriculum. Considering the above, it was tried to conduct a literature review from the theoretical contributions of Antonio Gramsci and Paulo Freire, on the themes popular ideology and school curriculum, using as a basis for this debate the ideas of the French Marxist Alain Badiou. The research counted, too, with a field research in which there have been four semi-open interviews with renowned Brazilian intellectuals: Gaudêncio Frigotto, José Eustáquio Romão, Luiz Antonio Cunha and Claudio de Oliveira Ribeiro. The study made it possible to confirm the hypothesis presented here and infer, therefore, that a public and popular school can not be made possible following the same curriculum and values of middleclass school.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ideologia popular, Currículo contra-hegemônico, Escola pública e popular, Revolução cultural, Popular Ideology, Counter-hegemonic curriculum, Public and popular school, Cultural revolution
Citação
FASANO, Edson. A escola e o inédito viável: fundamentos ideológicos para uma nova hegemonia. 2016. 378 folhas. Tese (Educação) - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo.