Do armário para a cidadania: políticas públicas e qualidade de vida na população LGBTQIA+
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2020-03-30
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
Cada vez mais nos âmbitos das ciências humanas e da saúde às temáticas de gênero têm ocupado papel de destaque na produção intelectual-científica, com isto, cada vez mais tem sido demandado estudos que viabilizem compreensões qualificadas, e que visem o exercício de direitos e a cidadania da população LGBTQIA+. Esta dissertação visa apresentar dados de relevância para a comunidade científica, uma vez que traz um panorama sobre saúde, violência de gênero e acesso aos serviços de saúde. A pesquisa utilizou abordagem mista, relevando dados quantitativos e qualitativos, por meio do instrumento WHOQOL-BREF, de Qualidade de Vida, de um questionário socioeconômico e um de criação do autor sobre experiências em serviços de saúde, e entrevistas com 3 participantes triados pelos resultados obtidos no WHOQOL- BREF. As análises de dados tiveram perspectivas fenomenológicas que permitiram compreender as questões de saúde da população a partir dos próprios participantes. Os resultados alcançados mostraram que das 202 pessoas que se identificaram como parte da comunidade LGBTQIA+, destes 34,7% afirmaram terem sido discriminados em serviços públicos de saúde, 27,4% informaram terem sofrido violências durante os atendimentos de saúde, 33,6% declararam não serem compreendidos pelos profissionais em questões específicas sobre seu gênero e ou sexualidade. Também foi possível levantar que 58,4% das pessoas que participaram da pesquisa consideraram os serviços de saúde como de difícil acesso e 65,8% explicitaram terem dúvidas específicas sobre a saúde da população LGBTQIA+. E, por meio das análises qualitativas surgiram apontamentos que evidenciaram a precariedade de informações que os serviços de saúde têm sobre a população pesquisada, consequentemente ocorrendo dificuldades nas identificações de situações de violências pelos participantes da pesquisa; compreensão insatisfatória sobre o que é de fato discriminação e violência de gênero; e distribuição ineficaz de informações sistematizadas que prejudicam os acessos aos serviços de saúde. A pesquisa também revelou que as expressões de gênero pelo serviço de saúde seguem norma heteronormativa, o que incide em danos ao desenvolvimento sadio das pessoas que se incluem fora da norma padronizada de gênero e sexualidade. Portanto, na busca por saúde e qualidade de vida, a população LGBTQIA+ tem acesso restritivo aos direitos, uma vez que os serviços não efetivam a integralidade, universalidade equidade.
Increasingly in the fields of humanities and health, gender issues have played a prominent role in intellectual-scientific production, with this, more and more studies have been required to enable qualified understandings, aimed at the healthy development of the LGBTQIA + population. This dissertation aims to present data of relevance to the scientific community, since it presents a relevant panorama on health, gender violence and access to health services. The research used a mixed approach, that is, revealing quantitative and qualitative data, using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, a socio-educational questionnaire and one created by the author about experiences in health services, and interviews with 3 participants screened by the results obtained in the WHOQOL-BREF. The data analyzes had phenomenological perspectives that allowed to understand the population's health issues from the participants themselves. The results achieved showed that of the 202 people who identified themselves as part of the LGBTQIA+ community, of these 34.7% said they had been discriminated against in public health services, 27.4% reported having suffered violence during health care, 33.6% declared they were not understood by professionals on specific issues about their gender and or sexuality. It was also possible to raise that 58.4% of the people who participated in the survey considered health services to be difficult to access and 65.8% stated that they had specific doubts about the health of the LGBTQIA + population. Through qualitative analyzes, notes emerged that showed the precariousness of information that health services have about the researched population, consequently occurring difficulties in the identification of situations of violence by the research participants; unsatisfactory understanding of what gender discrimination and violence really is; and ineffective distribution of systematized information that impairs access to health services. The survey also revealed that gender expressions by the health service follow a heteronormative norm, which affects damage to the healthy development of people who fall outside the standardized norm of gender and sexuality. Therefore, in the search for health and quality of life, the LGBTQIA+ population has restrictive access to rights, since the services do not provide integrality, universality and equity.
Increasingly in the fields of humanities and health, gender issues have played a prominent role in intellectual-scientific production, with this, more and more studies have been required to enable qualified understandings, aimed at the healthy development of the LGBTQIA + population. This dissertation aims to present data of relevance to the scientific community, since it presents a relevant panorama on health, gender violence and access to health services. The research used a mixed approach, that is, revealing quantitative and qualitative data, using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, a socio-educational questionnaire and one created by the author about experiences in health services, and interviews with 3 participants screened by the results obtained in the WHOQOL-BREF. The data analyzes had phenomenological perspectives that allowed to understand the population's health issues from the participants themselves. The results achieved showed that of the 202 people who identified themselves as part of the LGBTQIA+ community, of these 34.7% said they had been discriminated against in public health services, 27.4% reported having suffered violence during health care, 33.6% declared they were not understood by professionals on specific issues about their gender and or sexuality. It was also possible to raise that 58.4% of the people who participated in the survey considered health services to be difficult to access and 65.8% stated that they had specific doubts about the health of the LGBTQIA + population. Through qualitative analyzes, notes emerged that showed the precariousness of information that health services have about the researched population, consequently occurring difficulties in the identification of situations of violence by the research participants; unsatisfactory understanding of what gender discrimination and violence really is; and ineffective distribution of systematized information that impairs access to health services. The survey also revealed that gender expressions by the health service follow a heteronormative norm, which affects damage to the healthy development of people who fall outside the standardized norm of gender and sexuality. Therefore, in the search for health and quality of life, the LGBTQIA+ population has restrictive access to rights, since the services do not provide integrality, universality and equity.
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Palavras-chave
Gênero, Violência de gênero, LGBTQIA+, Serviços de saúde, Sexualidade, Gender, Gender violence, Health services, Sexuality
Citação
TANIZAKA, Hugo. Do Armário para a Cidadania: Políticas Públicas e Qualidade de Vida na População LGBTQIA+. 2020. 115 folhas. Dissertação (Psicologia da Saúde) - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2020.