Livre expressão lúdica grupal como estratégia de enfrentamento em crianças negligenciadas
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Data
2020-10-26
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
A literatura especializada indica que a negligência é a forma mais recorrente entre os maus-tratos contra crianças e adolescentes. Estudos apontam que as crianças negligenciadas podem acumular problemas múltiplos em seu desenvolvimento e em suas capacidades adaptativas, sendo a violência vivenciada de forma única, dependendo de uma multiplicidade de fatores de natureza pessoal. O processo criativo pode ser visto como uma das possibilidades para se vencer uma situação traumática, já que este é definido como a capacidade de criar alternativas vitais. Considerando o brincar como exemplo da maior criatividade e desenvolvimento integral do ser, é possível dizer que a livre expressão lúdica pode contribuir na percepção que a criança tem acerca de si mesma e da sua vivência de negligência, aumentando a autoestima e promovendo seu desenvolvimento emocional e afetivo. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo de caráter qualitativo, cujo objetivo foi avaliar e relacionar aspectos psicodinâmicos de crianças vítimas de negligência antes e depois do processo de intervenção baseado em oficinas grupais de livre expressão lúdica. A amostra foi composta por sete crianças, de ambos os sexos, encaminhadas a uma unidade de acolhimento institucional por determinação judicial ou orientação do Conselho Tutelar, exclusivamente por terem sido esgotadas as possibilidades de manutenção em seio familiar. A amostra foi selecionada de forma não-probabilística casual, de acordo com a conveniência. Foram utilizados como instrumentos o Desenho da Figura Humana (DFH) e o Desenho da Pessoa na Chuva (DPC), ambos aplicados individualmente antes e após a realização das oficinas grupais que utilizaram como referencial conceitual a técnica de Grupo Operativo de Pichon- Rivière. Foram realizados oito encontros em grupo analisados usando os parâmetros oferecidos pelo Esquema Conceitual Referencial e Operativo (ECRO). Os dados obtidos pelos instrumentos aplicados na etapa inicial e final foram compreendidos em conjunto com o processo desencadeado pelas oficinas realizadas em grupo, sendo analisados a partir de contribuições da psicanálise de grupos e da própria psicanálise para a análise dos resultados dos instrumentos aplicados. A proposta da oficina grupal de livre expressão se mostrou mobilizadora, permitiu a emergência e elaboração de aspectos mal integrados relacionados à vida dentro e fora do abrigo, sendo relevante sua aplicação em contextos institucionais como foi realizado nesse estudo. A realização de atividades de livre expressão em grupo pode-se constituir em uma ferramenta promotora de saúde desse segmento da população, evitando o seu adoecimento e o comprometimento de aspectos importantes do desenvolvimento infantil e, portanto, minimizando o sofrimento dessas crianças.
The specialized literature indicates that negligence is the most recurrent form of abuse against children and adolescents. Studies indicate that neglected children can accumulate multiple problems in their development and in their adaptive capacities, with violence being experienced in a unique way, depending on a multiplicity of factors of a personal nature. The creative process can be seen as one of the possibilities to overcome a traumatic situation, since this is defined as the ability to create vital alternatives. Considering playing as an example of greater creativity and integral development of being, it is possible to say that free playful expression can contribute to the perception that the child has about himself and his experience of neglect, increasing self-esteem and promoting his emotional and affective. It is a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative character, whose objective was to evaluate and relate psychodynamic aspects of children victims of neglect before and after the intervention process based on free playful group workshops. The sample consisted of seven children, of both sexes, sent to an institutional care unit by court order or guidance from the Guardian Council, exclusively because the possibilities of maintenance within the family were exhausted. The sample was selected in a non-probabilistic, casual way, according to convenience. The Human Figure Drawing (DFH) and the Person in the Rain (DPC) Drawing were used as instruments, both applied individually before and after the group workshops that used the Pichon-Rivière Operative Group technique as a conceptual reference. Eight group meetings were held and analyzed using the parameters offered by the Referential and Operational Conceptual Scheme (ECRO). The data obtained by the instruments applied in the initial and final stages were understood together with the process triggered by the workshops carried out in groups, being analyzed based on contributions from group psychoanalysis and psychoanalysis itself for the analysis of the results of the applied instruments. The proposal of the free expression group workshop proved to be mobilizing, allowed the emergence and elaboration of poorly integrated aspects related to life inside and outside the shelter, and its application in institutional contexts as relevant in this study was relevant. The performance of free expression activities in groups can be a tool that promotes health in this segment of the population, avoiding their illness and the compromise of important aspects of child development and, therefore, minimizing the suffering of these children.
The specialized literature indicates that negligence is the most recurrent form of abuse against children and adolescents. Studies indicate that neglected children can accumulate multiple problems in their development and in their adaptive capacities, with violence being experienced in a unique way, depending on a multiplicity of factors of a personal nature. The creative process can be seen as one of the possibilities to overcome a traumatic situation, since this is defined as the ability to create vital alternatives. Considering playing as an example of greater creativity and integral development of being, it is possible to say that free playful expression can contribute to the perception that the child has about himself and his experience of neglect, increasing self-esteem and promoting his emotional and affective. It is a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative character, whose objective was to evaluate and relate psychodynamic aspects of children victims of neglect before and after the intervention process based on free playful group workshops. The sample consisted of seven children, of both sexes, sent to an institutional care unit by court order or guidance from the Guardian Council, exclusively because the possibilities of maintenance within the family were exhausted. The sample was selected in a non-probabilistic, casual way, according to convenience. The Human Figure Drawing (DFH) and the Person in the Rain (DPC) Drawing were used as instruments, both applied individually before and after the group workshops that used the Pichon-Rivière Operative Group technique as a conceptual reference. Eight group meetings were held and analyzed using the parameters offered by the Referential and Operational Conceptual Scheme (ECRO). The data obtained by the instruments applied in the initial and final stages were understood together with the process triggered by the workshops carried out in groups, being analyzed based on contributions from group psychoanalysis and psychoanalysis itself for the analysis of the results of the applied instruments. The proposal of the free expression group workshop proved to be mobilizing, allowed the emergence and elaboration of poorly integrated aspects related to life inside and outside the shelter, and its application in institutional contexts as relevant in this study was relevant. The performance of free expression activities in groups can be a tool that promotes health in this segment of the population, avoiding their illness and the compromise of important aspects of child development and, therefore, minimizing the suffering of these children.
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Palavras-chave
Negligência, Violência contra criança, Expressão lúdica, Grupo operativo, Neglect, Violence against children, Playful expression, Creativity, Operating group
Citação
SOUZA, Francisca Yana Bizerra Alves de. Livre expressão lúdica grupal como estratégia de enfrentamento em crianças negligenciadas. 2020. 261 folhas. Tese (Psicologia da Saúde) - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2020.