As experiências dos sobreviventes e suas contribuições para o cuidado e aconselhamento psicopastoral na prevenção indicada ao suicídio
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Data
2025-09-12
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
As mortes por suicídio, foram e continuam sendo cercadas pelo tabu que impede a reflexão e compreensão de algo tão complexo que acaba por atentar contra a vida humana. O tabu se explica porque o fenômeno do suicídio sempre foi refletido a partir da moralidade cristã, onde quem se matava o fazia por haver pecado contra Deus. A partir de tal premissa teológica, o “suicida” se tornava merecedor de suplícios e vexames terrenos, além das punições eternas. Os anos e séculos se passaram e o imaginário cristão continuou refém das premissas medievais quanto ao suicídio e o tabu foi se fortalecendo cada vez mais. Outras razões para além das premissas cristãs no medievo começaram a ser apontadas para as mortes por suicídio, ainda que nos âmbitos religiosos o tema continuasse cercado pelo silêncio que estigmatiza aqueles que cometeram suicídio, seus familiares e aqueles que no âmbito desta pesquisa são denominados de sobreviventes. Com o objetivo de transpor o imaginário medieval e tabu que cercam o tema do suicídio, na presente Tese procurou-se refletir sobre o fenômeno do suicídio a partir dos diferentes campos epistemológicos e, sobretudo, a partir das experiências dos sobreviventes também denominados na Tese de participantes. Os sobreviventes que se tornaram participantes da Tese foram cooptados a partir de convite para entrevistas realizado por meio do Google Forms em grupos relacionados a igrejas cristãs, sendo escolhidos três participantes. A partir das experiências dos sobreviventes e do aporte teórico de diferentes autores, em especial Viktor Emil Frankl e Carl Rogers foi possível o estabelecimento de uma proposta para o Cuidado e Aconselhamento Psicopastoral, destacando, sobretudo, a importância da interdisciplinaridade para a transposição dos princípios moralistas ou fundamentalistas que culpabilizam a pessoa e não promovem transformações.
Deaths by suicide have been and continue to be surrounded by a taboo that prevents reflection and understanding of something so complex that it ultimately threatens human life. The taboo can be explained by the fact that the phenomenon of suicide has always been viewed from the perspective of Christian morality, where those who killed themselves did so because they had sinned against God. Based on this theological premise, the “suicide” became deserving of earthly torment and humiliation, in addition to eternal punishment. Years and centuries passed, and the Christian imagination remained hostage to medieval premises about suicide, and the taboo grew stronger and stronger. Other reasons beyond Christian premises in the Middle Ages began to be pointed out for deaths by suicide, even though in religious circles the subject remained shrouded in silence that stigmatizes those who committed suicide, their families, and those who, in the context of this research, are referred to as survivors. With the aim of transcending the medieval imagery and taboo surrounding the topic of suicide, this thesis seeks to reflect on the phenomenon of suicide from different epistemological fields and, above all, from the experiences of survivors, also referred to in the thesis as participants. The survivors who became participants in the thesis were recruited through invitations to interviews conducted via Google Forms in groups related to Christian churches, with three participants being chosen. Based on the experiences of the survivors and the theoretical contributions of different authors, especially Viktor Emil Frankl and Carl Rogers, it was possible to establish a proposal for Psychopastoral Care and Counseling, highlighting, above all, the importance of interdisciplinarity for the transposition of moralistic or fundamentalist principles that blame the person and do not promote change.
Deaths by suicide have been and continue to be surrounded by a taboo that prevents reflection and understanding of something so complex that it ultimately threatens human life. The taboo can be explained by the fact that the phenomenon of suicide has always been viewed from the perspective of Christian morality, where those who killed themselves did so because they had sinned against God. Based on this theological premise, the “suicide” became deserving of earthly torment and humiliation, in addition to eternal punishment. Years and centuries passed, and the Christian imagination remained hostage to medieval premises about suicide, and the taboo grew stronger and stronger. Other reasons beyond Christian premises in the Middle Ages began to be pointed out for deaths by suicide, even though in religious circles the subject remained shrouded in silence that stigmatizes those who committed suicide, their families, and those who, in the context of this research, are referred to as survivors. With the aim of transcending the medieval imagery and taboo surrounding the topic of suicide, this thesis seeks to reflect on the phenomenon of suicide from different epistemological fields and, above all, from the experiences of survivors, also referred to in the thesis as participants. The survivors who became participants in the thesis were recruited through invitations to interviews conducted via Google Forms in groups related to Christian churches, with three participants being chosen. Based on the experiences of the survivors and the theoretical contributions of different authors, especially Viktor Emil Frankl and Carl Rogers, it was possible to establish a proposal for Psychopastoral Care and Counseling, highlighting, above all, the importance of interdisciplinarity for the transposition of moralistic or fundamentalist principles that blame the person and do not promote change.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sobreviventes do suicídio, Aconselhamento Pastoral, Experiência, Prevenção, Sentido da vida, Suicide survivors, Pastoral counseling, Experience, Prevention, Meaning of life
Citação
SILVA, Vardilei Ribeiro da. As experiências dos sobreviventes e suas contribuições para o cuidado e aconselhamento psicopastoral na prevenção indicada ao suicídio. 2025. 182 fls. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências da Religião) --Diretoria de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Religião da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2025.
