“O sagrado no tribunal mundano”: a atuação da ANAJURE como amicus curiae no STF e a disputa pelos sentidos de laicidade
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2025-09-29
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
Esta tese investiga a atuação da Associação Nacional de Juristas Evangélicos (ANAJURE) como amicus curiae no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), com o propósito de compreender quais disputas em torno da laicidade se evidenciam em sua intervenção e de que modo a entidade mobiliza e ressignifica esse conceito no contexto brasileiro. A pesquisa adota uma abordagem qualitativa e bibliográfica, articulando reflexão teórica e análise empírica. Nos capítulos quatro e cinco, desenvolve-se uma análise múltipla de casos, centrada em seis processos paradigmáticos do STF em que a ANAJURE atuou como amicus curiae. Cada processo é tratado como uma unidade empírica, mas articulada a um mesmo fenômeno: a disputa pelos sentidos da laicidade no campo jurídico-político brasileiro. A pesquisa parte de duas hipóteses articuladas: a principal sustenta que a ANAJURE procura defender um sentido de laicidade que assegure a perpetuação de sua cosmovisão, isto é, que mantenha no horizonte jurídico uma compreensão alinhada a valores confessionais específicos, de modo que a chamada “laicidade colaborativa” ou “benevolente” seja, na prática, um instrumento para garantir a presença preponderante de valores cristãos na esfera pública; a hipótese complementar argumenta que a entidade busca também afirmar, perante o STF e a sociedade, a força política de vertentes evangélicas, apresentando-se como representante qualificada e legitimada na arena pública. O primeiro capítulo apresenta o quadro teórico de base, examinando as tensões entre secularização, laicidade e liberdade religiosa, com ênfase nas ambiguidades históricas e críticas contemporâneas, sobretudo no contexto latino-americano. O segundo capítulo retoma o percurso de inserção de grupos católicos e evangélicos no STF, a partir do uso do amicus curiae, e analisa como a constituição e o perfil institucional da ANAJURE cristalizam esse processo de institucionalização e de disputa pelos sentidos da laicidade. O terceiro capítulo aprofunda o chamado “fator ANAJURE”, investigando como a presença evangélica no Supremo reconfigura a dinâmica entre religião, política e direito e reforça novas formas de protagonismo religioso no Judiciário. O quarto capítulo dedica-se à atuação da ANAJURE em processos paradigmáticos sobre gênero e sexualidade (ADO 26, ADPF 442 e ADPF 457), evidenciando como a entidade articula sentidos de laicidade para tensionar o debate constitucional nesses temas. O quinto capítulo amplia o olhar para outros casos em que a ANAJURE interveio em torno da presença da religião no espaço público e na vida coletiva, como o ensino religioso (ADI 4439), a permanência de símbolos confessionais em repartições públicas (ARE 1.249.095) e as restrições a cultos na pandemia (ADPF 811), destacando como a entidade defende interpretações próprias de laicidade para legitimar a presença do religioso em arenas estatais. O percurso metodológico inspira-se na análise temática de Braun e Clarke (2006), desenvolvida em seis movimentos reflexivos — familiarização, codificação, busca de temas, revisão, definição e nomeação, e elaboração do relatório —, o que permitiu articular teoria, documentos e interpretação crítica de modo transparente e rigoroso. Os resultados confirmam as hipóteses formuladas: a ANAJURE defende uma laicidade reinterpretada sob o signo da liberdade religiosa, mas que preserva a centralidade cristã como horizonte normativo, e utiliza o amicus curiae como mecanismo estratégico para projetar tanto sua agenda confessional no STF quanto o protagonismo político de vertentes evangélicas na esfera pública. Conclui-se que compreender a laicidade no Brasil exige reconhecer suas ambiguidades históricas e culturais e, sobretudo, perceber como disputas jurídico-religiosas podem transformar a laicidade em instrumento de inclusão, mas também de exclusão e desigualdade.
This dissertation investigates the role of the National Association of Evangelical Jurists (ANAJURE) as amicus curiae before the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (STF), with the purpose of understanding which disputes over secularism are evidenced in its interventions and how the organization mobilizes and reshapes this concept within the Brazilian context. The research adopts a qualitative and bibliographical approach, combining theoretical reflection and empirical analysis. In chapters four and five, a multiple case study is developed, focusing on six paradigmatic cases of the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (STF) in which ANAJURE acted as amicus curiae. Each case is treated as an empirical unit, yet connected to a common phenomenon: the dispute over the meanings of secularism within the Brazilian juridical-political field. The research is guided by two articulated hypotheses: the main one argues that ANAJURE seeks to defend a conception of secularism that ensures the perpetuation of its worldview, that is, that maintains within the legal horizon an understanding aligned with specific confessional values, so that the so-called “collaborative” or “benevolent” secularism becomes, in practice, an instrument to guarantee the prevailing presence of Christian values in the public sphere; the complementary hypothesis suggests that the organization also seeks to assert, before the STF and society at large, the political strength of evangelical strands, presenting itself as their qualified and legitimized representative in the public arena. The first chapter presents the theoretical framework, examining the tensions between secularization, secularism, and religious freedom, with emphasis on historical ambiguities and contemporary critiques, especially in the Latin American context. The second chapter traces the trajectory of Catholic and evangelical groups in the STF through the use of amicus curiae, and analyzes how ANAJURE’s institutional constitution and profile crystallize this process of institutionalization and contestation over the meanings of secularism. The third chapter deepens the discussion of the so-called “ANAJURE factor,” investigating how the evangelical presence in the Supreme Court reconfigures the dynamics between religion, politics, and law, reinforcing new forms of religious protagonism in the judiciary. The fourth chapter focuses on ANAJURE’s interventions in landmark cases on gender and sexuality (ADO 26, ADPF 442, and ADPF 457), showing how the organization articulates notions of secularism to shape constitutional debates on these issues. The fifth chapter broadens the scope to other cases in which ANAJURE acted on matters concerning the presence of religion in the public sphere and collective life, such as religious education (ADI 4439), the permanence of confessional symbols in public institutions (ARE 1.249.095), and restrictions on worship during the pandemic (ADPF 811), highlighting how the association advocates specific interpretations of secularism to legitimize religious presence in state arenas. Methodologically, the research is inspired by Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis, developed in six reflexive steps — familiarization, coding, theme searching, revision, definition and naming, and reporting — which enabled the articulation of theory, documents, and critical interpretation in a transparent and rigorous manner. The findings confirm the hypotheses: ANAJURE promotes a reinterpretation of secularism under the banner of religious freedom, but one that preserves Christian centrality as a normative horizon, using the amicus curiae as a strategic mechanism to project both its confessional agenda within the STF and the political protagonism of evangelical groups in the public sphere. It is concluded that understanding secularism in Brazil requires acknowledging its historical and cultural ambiguities and, above all, recognizing how legal-religious disputes can transform secularism into an instrument of inclusion, but also of exclusion and inequality.
This dissertation investigates the role of the National Association of Evangelical Jurists (ANAJURE) as amicus curiae before the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (STF), with the purpose of understanding which disputes over secularism are evidenced in its interventions and how the organization mobilizes and reshapes this concept within the Brazilian context. The research adopts a qualitative and bibliographical approach, combining theoretical reflection and empirical analysis. In chapters four and five, a multiple case study is developed, focusing on six paradigmatic cases of the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (STF) in which ANAJURE acted as amicus curiae. Each case is treated as an empirical unit, yet connected to a common phenomenon: the dispute over the meanings of secularism within the Brazilian juridical-political field. The research is guided by two articulated hypotheses: the main one argues that ANAJURE seeks to defend a conception of secularism that ensures the perpetuation of its worldview, that is, that maintains within the legal horizon an understanding aligned with specific confessional values, so that the so-called “collaborative” or “benevolent” secularism becomes, in practice, an instrument to guarantee the prevailing presence of Christian values in the public sphere; the complementary hypothesis suggests that the organization also seeks to assert, before the STF and society at large, the political strength of evangelical strands, presenting itself as their qualified and legitimized representative in the public arena. The first chapter presents the theoretical framework, examining the tensions between secularization, secularism, and religious freedom, with emphasis on historical ambiguities and contemporary critiques, especially in the Latin American context. The second chapter traces the trajectory of Catholic and evangelical groups in the STF through the use of amicus curiae, and analyzes how ANAJURE’s institutional constitution and profile crystallize this process of institutionalization and contestation over the meanings of secularism. The third chapter deepens the discussion of the so-called “ANAJURE factor,” investigating how the evangelical presence in the Supreme Court reconfigures the dynamics between religion, politics, and law, reinforcing new forms of religious protagonism in the judiciary. The fourth chapter focuses on ANAJURE’s interventions in landmark cases on gender and sexuality (ADO 26, ADPF 442, and ADPF 457), showing how the organization articulates notions of secularism to shape constitutional debates on these issues. The fifth chapter broadens the scope to other cases in which ANAJURE acted on matters concerning the presence of religion in the public sphere and collective life, such as religious education (ADI 4439), the permanence of confessional symbols in public institutions (ARE 1.249.095), and restrictions on worship during the pandemic (ADPF 811), highlighting how the association advocates specific interpretations of secularism to legitimize religious presence in state arenas. Methodologically, the research is inspired by Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis, developed in six reflexive steps — familiarization, coding, theme searching, revision, definition and naming, and reporting — which enabled the articulation of theory, documents, and critical interpretation in a transparent and rigorous manner. The findings confirm the hypotheses: ANAJURE promotes a reinterpretation of secularism under the banner of religious freedom, but one that preserves Christian centrality as a normative horizon, using the amicus curiae as a strategic mechanism to project both its confessional agenda within the STF and the political protagonism of evangelical groups in the public sphere. It is concluded that understanding secularism in Brazil requires acknowledging its historical and cultural ambiguities and, above all, recognizing how legal-religious disputes can transform secularism into an instrument of inclusion, but also of exclusion and inequality.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sagrado no tribunal mundano, ANAJURE, Amicus curiae, STF, Laicidade, Sacred in the worldly court, Brazilian Supreme Court (STF), Secularism
Citação
CASTANHA, Ruth Faria da Costa. “O sagrado no tribunal mundano”: a atuação da ANAJURE como amicus curiae no STF e a disputa pelos sentidos de laicidade. 2025. 400 fls. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências da Religião) --Diretoria de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Religião da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2025.
