Gestantes: alterações bucais e atendimento odontológico
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Data
2013
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
O período gestacional é repleto de mudanças fisiológicas, psicológicas e bucais. A saúde bucal na gravidez é cercada de diversos mitos e medos. Dentre os mais comuns são: durante a gestação não é aconselhável submeter-se ao tratamento odontológico e a gestação é causadora de cárie e enfraquecimento dos dentes, porém esses mitos enraizados na população não possuem fundamentação cientifica. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo discriminar as crenças populares, identificar na literatura científica as alterações bucais e a maneira mais segura no atendimento à gestante. As alterações mais comuns a esse período são: gengivite, periodontite e granuloma gravídico. A gengivite é a doença bucal mais encontrada na gestação e é causada pela placa bacteriana aliada a mudanças hormonais comuns a esse período, seu tratamento é feito por meio de orientação sobre higienização bucal cuidadosa. A periodontite é caracterizada pela reabsorção óssea decorrente da inflamação crônica, para seu tratamento indica-se raspagem e alisamento radicular. Tem-se associado a essa doença o parto prematuro e baixo peso ao nascer, pois a infecção materna pode acelerar o trabalho de parto. O granuloma gravídico, que é histologicamente igual ao granuloma piogênico, é desencadeado por irritantes locais, como a placa bacteriana, aliados a pequenos traumatismos. Pode-se concluir que o período gestacional é propício para adoção de hábitos saudáveis, para isso, o cirurgião dentista deve estar qualificado a identificar alterações sistêmicas e bucais comuns a essa fase. No atendimento odontológico há modificações, como a escolha dos anestésicos e fármacos, posição da gestante na cadeira odontológica e tratamentos. A maneira mais eficiente do profissional orientar e atender a gestante seria a inserção deste na equipe multidisciplinar pré-natal.
The gestational period is filled with physiological, psychological and oral changes. Oral health in pregnancy is surrounded by many myths and fears. Among them the most common are: during pregnancy is not advisable to undergo dental treatment and pregnancy can cause teeth weakening and cavities. However, these myths rooted in the population have no scientific foundation. Therefore, study aimed to discriminate against popular beliefs, identify oral changes based on scientific literature, and to point out the safest way to treat pregnant women’s oral health. The most common changes during pregnancy are: gingivitis, periodontitis and granuloma gravidarum. Gingivitis disease is the most frequent oral disease in pregnant women, which is caused by dental plaque combined with hormonal changes that are common to this period; guidance on how to do an efficient oral hygiene is enough as for its treatment. Periodontitis is characterized by the reabsorption of the bone, resulting in chronic inflammation. It is indicated scaling and root planning, for treating this illness. Premature birth and low baby’s weight has been associated with periodontitis due to the fact that, maternal infection can accelerate the baby’s labor. Local irritants such as dental plaque combined with small injures, can trigger granuloma gravidarum, which is histologically equal to pyogenic granuloma. Therefore, It can be concluded that the gestational period is favorable to acquire healthy oral habits. In addition, the dentist should be qualified to identify oral and systemic pathological alterations. During practice there are modifications in protocol, such as anesthetics and drugs choice, pregnant woman’s position on the dental chair, and treatments. Nonetheless, the most efficient way in which the dental professional can advise and optimize its practice on the pregnant woman would be by the insertion of the dentist itself on a multidisciplinary prenatal care.
The gestational period is filled with physiological, psychological and oral changes. Oral health in pregnancy is surrounded by many myths and fears. Among them the most common are: during pregnancy is not advisable to undergo dental treatment and pregnancy can cause teeth weakening and cavities. However, these myths rooted in the population have no scientific foundation. Therefore, study aimed to discriminate against popular beliefs, identify oral changes based on scientific literature, and to point out the safest way to treat pregnant women’s oral health. The most common changes during pregnancy are: gingivitis, periodontitis and granuloma gravidarum. Gingivitis disease is the most frequent oral disease in pregnant women, which is caused by dental plaque combined with hormonal changes that are common to this period; guidance on how to do an efficient oral hygiene is enough as for its treatment. Periodontitis is characterized by the reabsorption of the bone, resulting in chronic inflammation. It is indicated scaling and root planning, for treating this illness. Premature birth and low baby’s weight has been associated with periodontitis due to the fact that, maternal infection can accelerate the baby’s labor. Local irritants such as dental plaque combined with small injures, can trigger granuloma gravidarum, which is histologically equal to pyogenic granuloma. Therefore, It can be concluded that the gestational period is favorable to acquire healthy oral habits. In addition, the dentist should be qualified to identify oral and systemic pathological alterations. During practice there are modifications in protocol, such as anesthetics and drugs choice, pregnant woman’s position on the dental chair, and treatments. Nonetheless, the most efficient way in which the dental professional can advise and optimize its practice on the pregnant woman would be by the insertion of the dentist itself on a multidisciplinary prenatal care.
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Palavras-chave
Gestantes, Odontologia, Fármacos, Alterações bucais, Pregnancy, Odontology, Pharmaceuticals, Oral changes