Toxicologia forense: intoxicação por monóxido de carbono e a sua identificação em casos de morte
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Data
2022
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
O Monóxido de Carbono (CO) é um gás formado pela combustão incompleta de hidrocarbonetos, que não apresenta odor, cor ou sabor, mas que apresenta alta toxicidade. A ligação entre o CO e a hemoglobina é de 200 a 250 vezes maior que a ligação entre o oxigênio e a hemoglobina, formando a carboxihemoglobina (COHb). Essa formação leva à hipóxia dos tecidos e à lesão celular, afetando todos os órgãos e sistemas. O grau de intoxicação pode variar, dependendo da concentração inalada e por quanto tempo houve essa exposição ao gás tóxico. Os sintomas de uma intoxicação por CO são inespecíficos e podem ser leves, se apresentando como dores de cabeça e tontura, até mais graves, com sintomas e sequelas neurológicas, podendo evoluir para o óbito. A melhor forma de tratamento é a administração de oxigênio hiperbárico, afim de aumentar sua concentração no organismo de maneira rápida, chegando de forma eficiente aos órgãos e tecidos. A determinação sanguínea de carboxihemoglobina é a mais indicada e eficiente no diagnóstico, sendo preferencialmente realizada pelo método de espectrofotometria na região do Ultravioleta-Visível (UV-Vis). Nos casos de morte com suspeita de intoxicação, o papel da perícia criminal é de extrema importância para elucidar a causa da morte e como ela ocorreu, além de determinar se trata-se de um acidente, no caso de incêndios, de suicídio ou de um homicídio, através de uma necropsia e investigação detalhadas.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a gas formed by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons, which has no odor, color, or taste, but is highly toxic. The bond between CO and hemoglobin is 200 to 250 times greater than the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). This formation leads to tissue hypoxia and cellular damage, affecting all organs and systems. The degree of intoxication can vary, depending on the concentration inhaled and how long the toxic gas has been exposed. The symptoms of CO intoxication are non-specific and can be mild, presenting as headaches and dizziness, to more severe, with neurological symptoms and sequelae, and may lead to death. The best form of treatment is the administration of hyperbaric oxygen, in order to increase its concentration in the body quickly, reaching the organs and tissues efficiently. The blood determination of carboxyhemoglobin is the most indicated and efficient in the diagnosis, and is preferably performed by the spectrophotometry method in the Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) region. In cases of death with suspected intoxication, the role of forensics is extremely important to elucidate the cause of death and how it occurred, in addition to determining whether it is an accident, in the case of fires, a suicide or a homicide, through a detailed necropsy and investigation.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a gas formed by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons, which has no odor, color, or taste, but is highly toxic. The bond between CO and hemoglobin is 200 to 250 times greater than the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). This formation leads to tissue hypoxia and cellular damage, affecting all organs and systems. The degree of intoxication can vary, depending on the concentration inhaled and how long the toxic gas has been exposed. The symptoms of CO intoxication are non-specific and can be mild, presenting as headaches and dizziness, to more severe, with neurological symptoms and sequelae, and may lead to death. The best form of treatment is the administration of hyperbaric oxygen, in order to increase its concentration in the body quickly, reaching the organs and tissues efficiently. The blood determination of carboxyhemoglobin is the most indicated and efficient in the diagnosis, and is preferably performed by the spectrophotometry method in the Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) region. In cases of death with suspected intoxication, the role of forensics is extremely important to elucidate the cause of death and how it occurred, in addition to determining whether it is an accident, in the case of fires, a suicide or a homicide, through a detailed necropsy and investigation.
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Intoxicação, Monóxido de Carbono, Carboxihemoglobina (COHb), Perícia Criminal, Homicídio, Intoxication, Carbon Monoxide, Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), Forensics, Homicide