Intenção empreendedora: um estudo com empreendedores e potenciais empreendedores do Estado do Acre
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Data
2018-03-06
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Universidade Metodista de São Paulo
Resumo
O tema empreendedorismo tem conquistado um espaço considerável na educação, nas políticas públicas e no interesse dos pesquisadores e gestores, muito em função do seu impacto em aspectos sociais e econômicos de uma nação. Esse crescente interesse se deve, em boa medida, à correlação entre o empreendedorismo e o crescimento econômico, manifestados por meio da inovação e da criação de postos de trabalho. A intenção empreendedora é considerada como a primeira etapa no processo de descoberta e exploração de oportunidades (KOLVEREID, 2016), o que faz com que a intenção seja fundamental na compreensão do empreendedorismo (SCHLAEGEL; KOENIG, 2014). Ferreira (2017) destaca que, apesar do crescimento dos trabalhos internacionais sobre intenção empreendedora, no Brasil ainda existe um gap de estudos teóricos e empíricos a respeito desse assunto. Em função disso, esta dissertação teve como objetivos analisar sob a óptica da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP), os fatores determinantes da intenção empreendedora dos empreendedores e potenciais empreendedores do Acre. Foram consideradas para a pesquisa os egressos do Seminário Empretec, que é um seminário que foi desenvolvido pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e é uma das ferramentas utilizadas pelo Sebrae na busca de aumentar o potencial empreendedor para empresários e possíveis empresários. A abordagem escolhida foi a de método quantitativo. Para a coleta de dados, foram empregadas, de forma parcial, o questionário desenvolvido por David McClelland (1965; 1987), que é utilizado nos projetos da United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), e a escala desenvolvida por Liñán e Chen (2009), que tem por base a TCP. As conclusões da pesquisa revelaram que a atitude face ao comportamento, que, segundo Teo e Lee (2010), é a predisposição, favorável ou não, de um indivíduo em desenvolver um comportamento específico, é o construto que mais influencia positivamente a intenção empreendedora, ou seja, quanto mais positiva a atitude da pessoa em relação ao empreendedorismo, maior será a intenção de empreender. Em seguida, os construtos que mais influenciam positivamente a intenção empreendedora são as normas subjetivas e a percepção de controle, respectivamente. A não aceitação da hipótese de que a necessidade de realização influencia positivamente a intenção empreendedora pode ser devido ao fato de que as características psicológicas dos empreendedores podem sofrer alterações conforme o empreendedor vai se distanciando do momento em que aconteceu o evento motivador do empreendedorismo.
Entrepreneurship has gained considerable space in education, public policies and the interest of researchers and managers, much in terms of their impact on social and economic aspects of a nation. This growing interest is clearly due to due, to the correlation between entrepreneurship and economic growth appearing through innovation and job creation. Entrepreneurial intention is considered as the first step in the process of finding and exploiting opportunities (KOLVEREID, 2016), which makes the intention important in the understanding of entrepreneurship (SCHLAEGEL; KOENIG, 2014). Ferreira (2017) points out that, despite the growth of international work on entrepreneurial intention, there is still a gap in theoretical and empirical studies on this subject in Brazil. As a result, this dissertation aimed to analyze, from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TCP), the determinants of the entrepreneurial intention of entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs of the state of Acre. It was considered for the research the graduates of Empretec Seminar, which is a seminar that was developed by the United Nations (ONU) and is one of the tools used by Sebrae in the search of increasing the entrepreneurial potential for entrepreneurs and possible ones. The approach chosen was the quantitative method. For collecting data, partially was used the questionnaire developed by David McClelland (1965; 1987), which is used in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) projects, and on a scale developed by Liñán and Chen (2009), which is based on TCP. According to Teo and Lee (2010), the behavioral attitude to behavior is the predisposition, favorable or not, of an individual to develop a specific behavior, is the construct that most positively influences the entrepreneurial intention, or the more positive the person's attitude towards entrepreneurship, the greater will be the intention to undertake. Then, the constructs that most positively influence the entrepreneurial intention are the subjective norms and the perception of control, respectively. Failure to accept the hypothesis that the need for achievement positively influences entrepreneurial intent may be due to the fact that the psychological characteristics of entrepreneurs may undergo changes as the entrepreneur moves away from the moment in which the motivating event of entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship has gained considerable space in education, public policies and the interest of researchers and managers, much in terms of their impact on social and economic aspects of a nation. This growing interest is clearly due to due, to the correlation between entrepreneurship and economic growth appearing through innovation and job creation. Entrepreneurial intention is considered as the first step in the process of finding and exploiting opportunities (KOLVEREID, 2016), which makes the intention important in the understanding of entrepreneurship (SCHLAEGEL; KOENIG, 2014). Ferreira (2017) points out that, despite the growth of international work on entrepreneurial intention, there is still a gap in theoretical and empirical studies on this subject in Brazil. As a result, this dissertation aimed to analyze, from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TCP), the determinants of the entrepreneurial intention of entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs of the state of Acre. It was considered for the research the graduates of Empretec Seminar, which is a seminar that was developed by the United Nations (ONU) and is one of the tools used by Sebrae in the search of increasing the entrepreneurial potential for entrepreneurs and possible ones. The approach chosen was the quantitative method. For collecting data, partially was used the questionnaire developed by David McClelland (1965; 1987), which is used in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) projects, and on a scale developed by Liñán and Chen (2009), which is based on TCP. According to Teo and Lee (2010), the behavioral attitude to behavior is the predisposition, favorable or not, of an individual to develop a specific behavior, is the construct that most positively influences the entrepreneurial intention, or the more positive the person's attitude towards entrepreneurship, the greater will be the intention to undertake. Then, the constructs that most positively influence the entrepreneurial intention are the subjective norms and the perception of control, respectively. Failure to accept the hypothesis that the need for achievement positively influences entrepreneurial intent may be due to the fact that the psychological characteristics of entrepreneurs may undergo changes as the entrepreneur moves away from the moment in which the motivating event of entrepreneurship.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Empreendedorismo, Intenção empreendedora, Necessidade de realização, Empreendedores, Potenciais empreendedores, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial intention, Achievement need, Entrepreneurs, Potential entrepreneurs
Citação
BRITO, Bárbara Alessandra Vieira de. Intenção empreendedora: um estudo com empreendedores e potenciais empreendedores do Estado do Acre. 2018. 83 Fo-lhas. Dissertação (Administração) - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, 2018.